DESCRIPTIVE FLORA. 



Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. SEED PLANTS. 

 Plants producing flowers and seeds. A seed contains an embryo 

 consisting of a short stem (radicle), one, two, or several rudimentary 

 leaves (cotyledons) and a terminal bud (plumule). 



Ovules, and seeds, borne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigma wanting. 



Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. 

 Ovules, and seeds, borne in a closed cavity, the ovary : 



stigma present. Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. 



CLASS I. GYMNOSPERMAE. CONE PLANTS. 



Carpel, or pistil, represented by a scale upon the face of which 

 the ovules are borne and the naked seeds are matured. 



Order PINALES. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, narrow, or needle-like and often 

 in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbricate 

 scales, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers often solitary. Seeds in dry or 

 fleshy cones, or sometimes wholly or partially naked. 



Carpellary scales with bracts, dry at maturity : ovules inverted : buds scaly. 



Fam. 1. PINACEAE. 

 Carpellary scales without bracts, fleshy or peltate at 



maturity : ovules erect : buds naked. Fam. 2. JUNIPERACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. PINACEAE. PINE FAMILY. 



Mostly evergreen, resiniferous shrubs or trees, typically conic, with 

 flaky or brittle bark. Leaves narrow and solitary, or needle-like and 

 usually several together, each group with a sheath at the base. Ovulate 

 aments with bracted scales. Ovules inverted. Cone of dry scales. Seeds 

 samara-like. 



Leaves borne 2-5 together in a sheath, half-terete or 3-angled : cones maturing the 



second year. 

 Cone-scales with dorsal spine-armed appendages : leaves borne in 2's or 3's : cones 



spreading. 1. PINUS. 



Cone-scales with apical inconspicuous appendages : leaves borne 



in 5's : cones drooping. 2. STROBUS. 



Leaves borne singly without a sheath, flat : cones maturing the first 



year. 3. TSUGA. 



1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Leaves needle-like, in 2's and 3's, each with 2 

 iibro-vascular bundlesv Cones spreading: scales at length woody and spreading 

 or recurved, each with a dorsal usually spine-armed appendage. Seeds samara- 

 like. Spr. PINE. 



Lancaster County Flora 1. 1 



