ALLIACEAE. 73 



shorter than the sepals: capsule slender, exceeding the perianth. Lower Sus- 

 quehanna valley. Bather rare, on river banks and sandy islands. Schists. 



10. J. brachycephalus Engelm. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades terete, 2 mm. 

 thick or less: heads scattered or rarely solitary: sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 

 mm. long, acute: petals about i longer than the sepals: capsules oblong, stout, 

 longer than the petals. M. Rare, in the Dillerville swamp. Limestones. 



11. J. canadensis J. Gay. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: heads many-flowered, rather 

 crowded: sepals lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long: petals longer than the sepals, 

 attenuate, nearly as long as the stout capsule: capsules narrowly conic: seeds 

 long-tailed at each end. N. Rather rare, in low grounds. Sandstones 

 and shales. 



12. J. acuminatus Michx. Stems 2-8- dm. tall: heads generally 5-12-flowered: 

 sepals lanceolate-subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals slightly shorter than the 

 sepals: capsules about equalling the sepals, ovoid: seeds acute at both ends. 

 Rather common, in moist soil. 



13. J. details A. Gray. Stems 2-4 dm. tall: heads generally 2-6-flowered: 

 sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long: petals nearly equalling the sepals: 

 capsules oblong, exceeding the sepals and petals. N. Rare, in moist soil. 

 Sandstones and shales. 



2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Pubescent herbs. Leaf -blades flat and relatively 

 thin, or sometimes involute. Bracts subtending the flowers usually lacerate or 

 denticulate. Spr. WOOD-RUSH. 



Peduncles or pedicels terminated by one or few flowers. 1. J. Carolinae. 



Peduncles or pedicels terminated by a spike-like cluster. 2. J. campestre. 



1. J. Carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades flat, 3-9 

 mm. wide, cilliate, and webbed on both surfaces, gland-like at the blunt tip: 

 flowers solitary or 2 together: sepals, and petals, 3.5-4 mm. long, lanceolate: 

 anthers longer than the filaments : capsule ovoid, surpassing the perianth. 

 M. Rare, on shaded banks of creeks. Limestones. 



2. J. campestre (L.) Kuntze. Plants 1-5 dm. tall: leaves webbed throughout: 

 sepals, and petals, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm. long: capsule 

 shorter than the perianth. Common, in woods and thickets. 



FAMILY 3. ALLIACEAE. ONION FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs with coated bulbs or conns. Leaves basal or mainly 

 so : blades typically narrow. Flowers in a terminal umbel subtended by a 

 scarious involucre at the top of the simple scape or stem. Perianth of 3 

 sepals and 3 petals, persistent. Androecium of 6 stamens. Gynoecium 

 3-carpellary. Ovary superior. Styles united. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. 



Ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity : scape, or stem, accompanied by leaves. 



1. ALLIUM. 

 Ovules 1 in each ovary-cavity : scape not accompanied by leaves. 2. VALIDALLIUM. 



1. ALLIUM [Tourn.] L. Alliaceous herbs. Leaf -blades narrow, some- 

 times hollow or keeled. Perianth white or variously colored. Stamens with 

 nearly equal filaments or alternately appendaged. Sum. ONION. GAELIC. 



Umbels nodding : plants acaulescent. 1. A. cernuum. 



Umbels erect : plants caulescent. 



Bulbs membranous-coated : filaments dilated and the alternate 



ones appendaged. 2. A. rineale. 



Bulbs fibrous-coated : filaments merely dilated at the base. 8. A. canadense. 



1. A. cernuum Roth. Scapes 2-6 dm. tall, 2-edged: umbel nodding; pedicels 

 becoming 2-3 cm. long : sepals acute : petals oval, rounded or erose at the apex, 



