74 LiLIACEAE. 



4.5-6 mm. long : capsules 4-5 mm. long. Bather common, on banks and dry 

 hillsides. WILD-ONION. 



2. A. vineale L. Stems 3-9 dm. tall: leaves terete: umbel erect, the flowers 

 tvholly or partially replaced with bulblets : perianth green, pink, or purple : sepals 

 mainly ovate, 4-5 mm. long: petals slightly longer than the sepals: filaments 

 opposite the petals with 2 lateral appendages. Common, in old fields. 



FlELD-GARLIC. 



3. A. canadense L. Stems 2-6 dm. tall: umbel erect, with most of the flowers 

 replaced with bulblets: perianth pink or white: sepals oblong to oblong-lanceo- 

 late, 4-5 mm. long: petals lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, slightly longer than 

 the sepals, acute or acutish at the apex: filaments alternately longer and shorter. 

 Rather rare, in thickets and meadows. WILD-GARLIC. 



2. VALIDALLUJM Small. Alliaceous herbs. Leaf -blades dilated. Peri- 

 anth white or pale. Stamens unequal, the filaments alternately subulate and 

 lanceolate. 



1. V. tricoccum (Ait.) Small. Leaves vernal; blades oblong to oblong-elliptic, 

 1-3 dm. long: scapes 1-4 dm. tall: umbel erect: perianth white: sepals oblong, 

 5-7 mm. long, obtuse: petals oval, longer than the sepals, somewhat shorter 

 than the filaments: capsule about 6 mm. broad. Lower Susquehanna valley. 

 In rich woods on islands. Schists. Sum. WILD-LEEK. 



FAMILY 4. LILIACEAE. LILY FAMILY. 



Perennial mainly caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate to whorled, 

 sometimes all basal: blades entire or essentially so. Flowers solitary or 

 variously clustered. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals, together with 

 the sepals sometimes partially united into a tube. Androecium of 6 

 stamens, the anthers distinct. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a 

 loculicidal capsule. 



Sepals, and petals, distinct. 



Anthers not introrse : plants with scaly or solid bulbs. 



Anthers versatile : seeds flat. 1. LILIUM. 



Anthers erect: seeds globose. 2. ERYTHRONIDM. 



Anthers introrse: plants with coated bulbs. 3. OENITHOGALUM. 



Sepals, and petals, more or less united. 



Perianth globular to urceolate, with tooth-like lobes. 4. MUSCARI. 



Perianth funnelform, with spreading or recurved lobes. 5. HEMEROCALLIS. 



1. LILIUM L. Tall caulescent herbs with scaly bulbs. Leaf -blades flat, 

 relatively short. Perianth showy, the sepals, and petals, distinct. Filaments 

 slightly adnate to the sepals and petals : anthers versatile. Sum. LILY. 



Flower, or flowers, erect : sepals and petals narrowed into claws. 



1. L. philadelphicum. 

 Flower, or flowers, horizontal or nodding : sepals and petals 



without claws. 

 Sepals and petals with spreading tips : leaf-blades finely 



roughened on the edges and nerves beneath. 2. L. canadense. 



Sepals and petals with recurved tips : leaf-blades smooth. 3. L. superbum. 



1. L. philadelphicum L. Stems 3-9 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades 

 narrowly elliptic to linear, 3-10 cm. long: sepals 5-6 cm. long, with oblong, 

 elliptic, or oval blades: petals with broader blades than the sepals or some- 

 times ovate: capsules 2-4 cm. long. Common, in thickets. 



2. L. canadense L. Stems 6-15 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades lan- 

 ceolate to oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rough- 

 ened on the margins and the veins beneath: flowers usually few: sepals and 

 petals red or yellowish, often variegated, usually spotted, 4.5-7.5 cm. long, the 



