96 JUGLANDACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. CORYLACEAE. HAZEL-NUT FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades 

 mostly doubly-toothed. Staminate aments drooping, with each bract sub- 

 tending one flower, the calyx wanting. Pistillate aments not drooping, 

 each bract bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the involucre of a bract and 2 scales. 

 Fruit consisting of one or more accrescent bracts each subtending or in- 

 closing 1-3 nuts. 



Staminate flowers without bractlets : pistillate flowers numerous, in elongate aments : 



nuts small, subtended by or inclosed in a bract : stamens many. 

 Fruiting bracts flat, 3-lobed, the terminal lobe toothed. 



Fruiting bracts bladder-like. 2. OSTRYA. 



Staminate flowers with bractlets : pistillate flowers few, in heads : 



nuts large, in leaf-like involucres : stamens few. 3. CORYLUS. 



1. CARPINTJS [Tourn.] L. Trees or shrubs, the bark smooth. Staminate 

 aments solitary, the bracts acute, ciliate. Pistillate aments with 3-lobed bracts 

 at maturity. 



1. C. caroliniana Walt. Shrub, or tree becoming 13 m. tall, the bark blue- 

 gray: leaf -blades oblong, varying mainly to ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-14 cm. 

 long, glabrous above: Staminate aments 2-5 cm. long: mature bracts of the 

 pistillate aments hastate, 2-3 cm. long: nuts 5-6 mm. long. Common, gen- 

 erally in rocky places near streams. Spr. BLUE-BEECH. 



2. OSTHYA [Mich.] Scop. Shrubs or trees, the bark scaly. Staminate 

 aments clustered, the bracts blunt, not ciliate. Pistillate aments with lobeless 

 bracts. 



1. O. virginiana (Mill.) Willd. Shrub, or tree becoming 18 m. tall, the bark 

 rough : leaf -blades mainly oblong, elliptic or oval, 3-13 cm. long, slightly pubes- 

 cent, or glabrate above: staminate aments 3-8 cm. long: mature bracts of the 

 pistillate aments oblong to ovate, 1.5-2 cm. long: nuts 6-7 mm. long. Not 

 common, usually in rocky woods. Spr. LEVER-WOOD. HOP-HORNBEAN. IRON- 

 WOOD. 



3. CORYLUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish. Staminate 

 aments with acuminate bracts. Pistillate aments with foliaceous bractlets at 

 maturity, these are dilated, or sometimes formed into a beaked involucre. 

 Spr. HAZEL-NUT. 



Mature bractlets distinct, leaf-like, incised. 1. C. americana. 



Mature bractlets united, prolonged into a narrow beak. 2. C. rostrata. 



1. C. americana Walt. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaf -blades thickish, oval or sub- 

 orbicular, varying to ovate or obovate, 5-15 cm. long: staminate aments 6-10 

 cm. long, the bracts broadly oval or nearly so, acuminate: each bractlet of the 

 pistillate aments becoming foliaceous and lobed. Common, in thickets. 



2. C. rostrata Ait. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf -blades thinnish, oblong or oval, 

 varying to obovate, 4-12 cm. long, coarsely serrate and sharply serrulate: 

 staminate aments 2-5 cm. long, the bracts rhomboid-obovate, apiculate: each 

 bractlet of the pistillate aments developing a beaked tubular involucre. 

 N. S. Bather rare, in stony soil, especially on banks of streams. Sandstones 

 and shales, schists. BEAKED-HAZELNUT. 



FAMILY 2. BETULACEAE. BIRCH FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades 

 with 2-several series of teeth. Staminate aments drooping, with each bract 



