ULMACEAE. 103 



1. C. sativa L. Stem 1-4 m. tall, rough-pubescent, the inner bark tough: 

 leaf-blades 4-15 cm. long, the divisions 5-11, linear or linear-lanceolate, ser- 

 rate, acuminate: mature pistillate spikes leaf y-bracted : achenes oval, 4-5 mm. 

 long. Bather common, in moist places and fence-rows. Nat. of As. Sum. 

 HEMP. 



FAMILY 3. ARTO CARP ACE AE. MULBEKRY FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, the sap milky. Leaves mostly alternate : blades equi- 

 lateral, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in 

 ament-like spikes or enclosed in a receptacle, the staminate with 3 or 4 

 stamens, the pistillate with a calyx of 3-5 sepals which greatly enlarge and 

 subtend or envelope the achene : gynoecium of 1 or of 2 united carpels ; 

 styles or stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit a syncarp or syconium. 



Stigmas 2, short : pistillate spikes cylindric. 1. MORDS. 



Stigmas solitary, elongate : pistillate spikes globose. 2. PAPYEIUS. 



1. MORUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with scaly bark. Leaves de- 

 ciduous: blades commonly serrate, sometimes lobed. Staminate flowers in 

 cylindric spikes: sepals 4, the lateral ones larger than the others: stigmas 2, 

 short. Fruit cylindric, the achenes included in the calyx. Spr. MULBERRY. 



Fruits white or pinkish : leaf-blades glabrous and sparingly pubescent about the 



veins beneath. 1. M. alba. 



Fruits deep-red or purplish : leaf-blades soft-pubescent beneath. 2. M. rubra. 



1. M. alba L. Tree 5-12 m. tall, with sparingly pubescent twigs: leaf -blades 

 blades ovate to oval or oval-ovate, 6-20 cm. long, softly pubescent beneath: 

 staminate spikes 1-2 cm. long: fruit subglobose to oval-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 

 white or pinkish. Common, on roadsides and in thickets. Nat. of Eu. 

 WHITE-MULBERRY. 



2. M. nibra L. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, with early glabrous twigs: leaf- 

 blades ovate to oval or oval-ovate, 6-20 cm. long, softly pubescent beneath: 

 staminate spikes 4-8 cm. long: fruit cylindric, 3-6 cm. long, deep-red or pur- 

 plish. Common, in fields and woods. EED-MULBERRY. 



2. PAPYRIUS Lam. Trees with smooth bark. Leaves deciduous: 

 blades serrate, often lobed. Staminate flowers in cylindric spikes, with 4 sepals 

 and 4 stamens. Pistillate spikes globose: calyx 4-lobed: stigma 1, elongate. 

 Fruit globular, each achene protruding from the persistent calyx. 



1. P. papyrifera (L.) Kuntze. Tree, resembling the red-mulberry, sometimes 

 15 m. tall, with hirsute-tomentose twigs: leaf -blades ovate, 816 cm. long: 

 fruits globular, 2-3 cm. in diameter, the protruding achenes reddish or 

 orange. M. N. Frequent, on roadsides and about dwellings. Nat. of As. 

 Spr. PAPER-MULBERRY. 



FAMILY 4. ULMACEAE. ELM FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, the sap watery. Leaves alternate: blades inequi- 

 lateral, commonly toothed. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or monoecious, 

 variously disposed. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 3-9, partially united sepals. 

 Androecium of usually as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium 

 of 2 united carpels. Fruit a samara or a drupe, or nut-like. 



Fruit a samara : anthers extrorse : embryo straight. 1. ULMUS. 



Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse : embryo with conduplicate cotyledons. 2. CELTIS. 



