120 RANUNCULACEAE. 



Involucre remote from the calyx, bracts toothed, divided 



or compound. 



Styles subulate : leaf-segments sessile. 8. ANEMONE. 



Styles wanting : leaflets stalked. 9. SYNDESMON. 



Flowers not subtended by involucres. 



Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal : sepals imbricate. 

 Leaf-blades entire, toothed, palmately lobed or dis- 

 sected. 



Achenes transversely wrinkled : petals white. 10. BATRACHIUM. 



Achenes not transversely wrinkled : petals yellow, 



at least without. 11. RANUNCULUS. 



Leaf-blades ternately decompound. 12. THALICTRUM. 



Leaves opposite : sepals petal-like, valvate. 



Petals wanting : peduncles many-flowered. 13. CLEMATIS. 



Petals present (in our species), smaller than the 



peduncles 1-flowered. 14. ATRAGENE. 



1. HYDBASTIS Ellis. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed. 

 Flowers solitary. Sepals 3, fugaceous. Petals wanting. Filaments clavate, 

 white. Carpels several, 2-ovuled, in fruit forming a head of berries. 



1. H. canadensis L. Plants pubescent, mostly 2-4 dm. tall : blade of the cauline 

 leaf becoming 8-24 cm. wide: bract leaf -like: sepals ovate: fruit-head 14-16 

 mm. thick; berries 5-6 mm. long, crimson. Bather rare, in rich woods and 

 thickets. Spr. ORANGE-ROOT. GOLDEN-SEAL. 



-2. CALTHA [Eupp.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf -blades entire or toothed. 

 Flowers few or solitary. Sepals few, yellow, pink, or white, deciduous. Petals 

 wanting. Filaments filiform. Carpels few or many, several-ovuled, in fruit 

 forming a whorl of leathery green follicles. 



1. C. palustris L. Plants glabrous, 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves 

 similar to those of the basal but smaller, reniform to orbicular-reniform, 4-9 

 cm. wide: sepals yellow, oblong to oval-orbicular, 1.5-2 cm. long: follicles 10-12 

 mm. long. Rather common, in swamps and low meadows. Spr. MARSH- 

 MARIGOLD. 



3. CIMICIFUGA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf -blades decompound. Flowers 

 numerous, in long racemes. Sepals 2-5, deciduous. Petals 1-8, clawed, 

 notched at the apex. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform. Carpels few or 

 solitary, many-ovuled, becoming dry follicles. 



1. C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Plants 10-25 dm. tall: terminal leaflets 3-lobed, 

 4-16 cm. wide: follicles puberulent and often pubescent, the beak recurved. 

 Common, in woods and thickets. Sum. BLACK-SNAKEROOT. BUGBANE. 

 BLACK-COHOSH. 



4. ACTAEA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf -blades ternately compound. 

 Flowers rather many, in short racemes. Sepals 3-5, deciduous. Petals 4-10, 

 clawed, not notched. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform. Carpel solitary, 

 many-ovuled, becoming a baccate follicle. 



1. A. alba (L.) Mill. Plants 4-11 dm. tall: terminal leaflets mostly longer 

 than wide and scarcely lobed, cuneate or rounded at the base: follicles white, 

 about as thick as long, on spreading red stout pedicels: seed about 4 mm. 

 long. S. Bather rare, in rocky woods along the Susquehanna. Schists. 

 Spr. BANEBERRY. 



5. AQUELEGIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf -blades ternately 

 compound, the segments broad. Flowers mostly drooping. Sepals 5, equal, 

 petal-like. Petals cornucopia-like. Stamens numerous, the inner ones stami- 

 nodia. Carpels 5, sessile, many-ovuled, in fruit forming a head of follicles. 



