PODOPHYLLACEAE. 127 



Stigma 12-24-rayed : capsule over 3 cm. long. 1. N advena 



Stigma 7-9-rayed : capsule less than 2 cm. long. 2. N. microphylla. 



1. N. advena Soland. Plants stout: blades of the emersed leaves suborbicular 

 to ovate or oblong-ovate, 1-2.5 dm. long, the sinus open; submersed leaves few 

 or usually wanting: sepals 6, obovate to oval, yellow, and usually tinged with 

 green or brown: petals shorter than the sepals: stigmatie disk yellow, 12-24- 

 rayed : fruits 3.5-5 cm. long, without a neck. Common, in ponds and still 

 water. Spr. and sum. 



2. N. microphylla Pers. Plants slender: blades of the emersed leaves oval to 

 oval-elliptic, 0.4-1 dm. long, the sinus narrow ; submersed leaves present and 

 usually numerous: sepals 5, obovate to oval, yellow or green-tinged: petals 

 shorter than the sepals and narrower: stigmatie disk red, 7-10-rayed: fruits 

 1.5-2 cm. long, with a neck. Susquehanna valley. Rather rare, in shallow 

 water. Sum. 



2. CASTALIA Salisb. Plants with floating leaves and white, pink, blue, 

 or yellow flowers. Leaf -blades peltate and eleft at the base. Sepals mostly 

 4, spreading. Petals numerous, spreading, the outer ones about as large as 

 the sepals. Stamens consisting of narrow anthers terminating slender filaments. 



1. C. odorata (Dryand.) Woodv. & Wood. Leaf -blades suborbicular to oval, 

 0.5-1.5 cm. long, inconspicuously venose-reticulate beneath, the edges flat: 

 flowers fragrant: calyx 7-15 cm. wide: petals white or pink: anthers of the 

 outer stamens 12-14 mm. long: berries 2.5-3 cm. in diameter. Common, 

 especially in the Susquehanna River and its tributaries. Sum. WATER-LILY. 



FAMILY 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE. MAY- APPLE FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal: blades simple 

 or ternately compound. Flowers perfect, of 4 or 6 sepals. Corolla of 6 

 or 9 petals resembling the sepals except in Caulophyllum. Androecium 

 of 6-18 stamens, the anthers opening by valves, except in Podophyllum. 



Stamens 12-18 ; anthers opening lengthwise : seeds numerous, enclosed. 



1. PODOPHYLLUM. 

 Stamens 6 : anthers opening by hinged valves : seeds 2, naked. 2. CAULOPHYLLUM. 



1. PODOPHYLLUM L. Large herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leaves 

 2 at the top of the flowering stem: blades peltate, many-lobed. Flower nod- 

 ding. Sepals 6, fugaceous. Petals 6-9. Stamens 12-18. Fruits nodding. 



1. P. peltatum L. Plants 2-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades suborbicular, 1-3 dm. in 

 diameter, 7-9-lobed: pedicel 2-4 cm. long: petals white, 6-9, obovate, 2.5-4 cm. 

 long, wax-like : berry somewhat oblique, 4-5 cm. long. Common, in rich 

 soil, especially in woods. Spr. MAY-APPLE. MANDRAKE. 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. Large herbs, with thick rootstocks. Leaf 

 high up on the flowering stem, ternately compound. Flowers in a raceme-like 

 cyme. Sepals 6, accompanied by 3 or 4 bractlets. Petals 6, gland-like, dilated. 

 Stamens 6: anthers shorter than the filaments. Fruits erect. 



1. C. thalictroides (L.) Michx. Plants 3-9 dm. tall: leaflets 2-3-lobed at the 

 apex, 4-10 cm. long: panicle 4-10 cm. long: sepals greenish or purplish, 3-6 

 mm. long : petals about 2 mm. long : seeds about 1 cm. in diameter. Common, 

 in rich soil in woods and along streams. Spr. BLUE-COHOSH. PAPPOOSE- 

 ROOT. 



