128 PAP AVERAGE AE. 



Order PAPAVERALES. 



Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves with entire, toothed, or dis- 

 sected, or compound blades. Flowers perfect. Calyx of distinct or nearly 

 distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or wanting. 

 Androecium of few or many hypogynous stamens. 



Sepals 2 or very rarely 3 or 4 : endosperm present. 



Flowers regular : stamens 8 or numerous : juice usually milky or colored. 



Fam. 1. PAPAVEEACEAE. 



Flowers irregular : stamens 6 : juice usually watery. Fam. 2. FUMARIACEAE. 

 Sepals 4-8 : endosperm wanting. 



Capsules 2-celled : stamens 6, tetradynamous. Fam. 3. BRASSICACEAE. 



Capsules 1-celled : stamens when 6 not tetradynamous. Fam. 4. CAPPARIDACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. PAPAVERACEAE. POPPY FAMILY. 



Herbs or rarely woody plants, the sap colored. Leaves alternate or 

 opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular. 

 Calyx of 2 or rarely 3 caducous sepals. Corolla of 4, 8, or 12, or rarely 

 more, deciduous petals. Androecium usually of many distinct stamens. 

 Gynoecium 2-several-carpellary. Fruit a capsule. 



Acaulescent herbs : petals 8-12, not crumpled in the bud : stigmas over the valves 

 of the capsule. 1. SANGUINARIA. 



Caulescent herbs : petals 4-6, mostly crumpled : stigmas over the 



placentae. 



Capsule splitting to the base. 2. CHELIDONIUM. 



Capsule dehiscent at the top or only to the middle. 



Leaf-blades unarmed : stigma disk-like. 3. PAPAVER. 



Leaf-blades spiny-toothed : stigma radiate. 4. ARGEMONE. 



1. SANGUINARIA [Dill.] L. Perennial herbs with red rootstocks. 

 Leaves basal: blades palmately lobed. Flowers solitary. Sepals 2 } glabrous. 

 Petals 8-12, narrow, white. Gynoecium 2-carpellary, glabrous. 



1. S. canadensis L. Plants 8-30 cm. tall, glabrous: leaf -blades orbicular to 

 reniform in outline, 6-25 cm. wide, 5-9-lobed: scapes finally over-topped by 

 the leaves: petals oblong, elliptic or rarely broader, 2-3 cm. long: capsule 

 fusiform, 3-5 cm. long. Common, in woods and thickets. Spr. BLOOD- 

 ROOT. 



2. CHELIDONIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves 

 cauline: blades pinnately dissected. Flowers numerous. Sepals 2. Petals 4, 

 relatively long and narrow, yellow. Gynoecium slender, 2-carpellary. Stigmas 



2. Capsule elongate. 



1. C. majus L. Plants 2-7 dm. tall: leaf -blades 1-3 dm. long, the segments 

 with lobes or teeth: petals suborbicular, 8-13 mm. long: capsules slender, 3-5 

 cm. long. Common, on roadsides and in fence rows. Nat. of Eu. Spr. and 

 sum. CELANDINE. 



3. PAP AVER [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves some- 

 times mainly basal: blades mostly pinnately lobed. Flowers few or solitary, 

 the buds drooping. Sepals 2, or rarely 3. Petals 4, or rarely 6, broad. Gynoe- 

 cium several-carpellary, the ovary with 4-2 septiform placentae. Stigma 

 crown-like or disk-like. Capsule long, short or depressed. POPPY. 



Plants pubescent, mostly hirsute : leaf-blades pinnately divided, narrowed at the 



base : capsules elongate, or longer than thick. 

 Capsules oblong-clavate : pedicels appressed-pubescent, at least above. 



1. P. dubium. 



