EOSACEAE. 147 



15-20 mm. long: follicles 5-6 mm. long. Susquehanna valley. Occasional, 

 on wooded hillsides. Sum. INDIAN-PHYSIC. BOWMAN 'S-ROOT. 



4. RUBACER Eydb. Partly shrubby diffuse plants. Leaf -blades pal- 

 mately lobed. Flowers corymbose or racemose. Carpels borne on a flat 

 receptacle. Fruit depressed-hemispheric or nearly flat. 



1. R. odoratum (L.) Eydb. Stems 1-2 m. tall, clammy-pubescent: leaf -blades 

 5-30 cm. wide, 3-5-lobed: sepals elongate, each with an ovate or oblong-ovate 

 body and a slender appendage: petals rose-purple or rarely white, 1.5-2 cm. 

 broad: fruits red, 15-20 mm. broad, insipid. Occasional, on rocky banks in 

 the Conestoga valley. Limestones. Sum. FLOWERING-RASPBERRY. 



5. RUBUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial erect or trailing herbs, or shrubs. 

 Leaf-blades lobed or 3-7-foliolate. Flowers solitary or variously disposed. 

 Carpels borne on a convex or conic receptacle. Fruit hemispheric to elongate. 

 Spr. EASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY. 



Fruit falling away from the dry receptacle: petals erect. (Raspberries). 



Stems prickly, glabrous : fruit purple-black or black. 1. R. occidentalis. 



Stems bristly, not glabrous : fruit red. 



Sepals sparingly bristly with pale hairs: petals over 



half as long as the sepals : fruits wider than long : 



achenes narrow, much longer than wide. 2. R. strigosus. 



Sepals copiously bristly with dark hairs: petals less 



than half as long as the sepals: fruits longer than 



wide : achenes broad, about as wide as long. 3. R. phoenicolasius. 



Fruit persistent on a fleshy receptacle : petals spreading. 



(Blackberries). 

 Stems erect, ascending, or recurved. 



Leaf-blades white-woolly beneath. 4. R. cuneifolius. 



Leaf-blades not white-woolly beneath. 



Branches of the inflorescence, and petioles, dis- 

 tinctly glandular-pubescent. 



Fruit broadly oval or nearly spherical, very juicy. 5. R. nigrobaccus. 

 Fruit narrowly oblong or thimble-shaped, com- 

 paratively dry. 6. R. allegheniensis. 

 Branches of the inflorescence, and petioles, villous, 



strigose, or nearly glabrous, scarcely glandular. 7. R. frondosus, 

 Stems trailing, creeping, or decumbent. 



Leaflets thin, membranous : leaves deciduous. 

 Stems merely prickly. 



Inflorescence usually several-many-flowered. 8. R. procumbens. 



Inflorescence usually 1-2-flowered. 9. R. Bqileyanus. 



Stems bristly and prickly, sometimes merely bristly. 10. R. Mspidus. 

 Leaflets leathery : leaves persistent, evergreen. 10. R. Mspidus. 



1. R. occidentalis L. Straggling shrub, with glaucous prickle-armed branches 

 1-3 m. long: leaflets 3-5; blades ovate to obovate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acu- 

 minate, incised-serrate, sometimes lobed: sepals oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 5-6 mm. long, acuminate: petals white, spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, 

 4^5 mm. long, obtuse: fruits hemispheric, black or purple-black, 812 mm. 

 broad. Common, on roadsides and in thickets and open woods. BLACK- 

 RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY. 



2. R. strigosus Michx. Branching shrub 1-2 m. tall, with more or less densely 

 bristly foliage: leaflets 3-5; blades ovate to oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 or rarely elliptic, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, slightly serrate, sometimes 

 slightly lobed, glabrous above or nearly so, white-tomentose beneath: hypan- 

 thium bristly: sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 5-6 mm. long: petals white, 

 cuneate or oblanceolate, about 5 mm. long, ascending, obtuse: fruits high- 

 hemispheric, light-red, or rarely white, 8-10 mm. broad. W. Eather rare, on 

 the banks of the Susquehanna river. Sandstones and shales, limestones. 

 EED-RASPBERRY. 



3. R. phoenicolasius Maxim. Much-branched shrub, the stems 2-2.5 m. long, 

 like the branches and petioles, with reddish or purplish gland-tipped bristly 



