SPONDIACEAE. 181 



FAMILY 2. CALLITRICHACEAE. WATER-STARWORT FAMILY. 



Herbs, often aquatics, with tender tissues. Leaves opposite: blades 

 entire, 3-nerved. Flowers polygamous, minute, axillary, often minutely 

 bracted. Calyx wanting. Corolla wanting. Androeeium of a single 

 stamen. Gynoecium of 4 united carpels. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit leathery, 

 indehiscent, 4-lobed. 



1. CALLITBICHE L. Aquatic or more or less amphibious plants, the 

 opposite leaves often approximate or congested at the ends of the stem and 

 branches. Flowers inconspicuous. 



1. C. palustris L. Aquatic, the foliage scaly: blades of the submersed leaves 

 linear, those of the emersed ones spatulate, shorter than the submersed ones: 

 flower-stalks with 2 scales : fruit obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. Common, in 

 ponds and streams. Spr. and sum. WATER-STARWORT. 



Order SAPINDALES. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves various: blades simple and entire or toothed, 

 or compound. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, regular 

 or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androeeium of as many stamens as there 

 are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more or fewer. Filaments 

 distinct. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of several united carpels. 

 Ovary superior. Ovules 1 or 2, or several, in each cavity of the ovary, 

 pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or 

 ascending. Fruit various. 



Ovary 1-celled (in our plants) : fruit a drupe. Fam. 1. SPONDIACEAE. 



Ovary 2-several-celled : fruit various. 

 Leaf -blades simple : pinnately veined. 



Seed without an aril : fruit drupaceous. Fam. 2. AQUIFOLIACEAE. 



Seed with an aril : fruit capsular. Fam. 3. CELASTRACEAE. 



Leaf-blades simple, palmately veined, or compound. 

 Leaves opposite. 

 Fruit a capsule. 



Flowers regular : fruit a bladdery 3-lobed 



capsule. Fam. 4. STAPHYLEACEAE. 



Flowers irregular : fruit a leathery globular 



capsule. Fam. 5. AESCDLACEAE. 



Fruit a 2-winged samara. Fam. 6. ACERACEAE. 



Leaves alternate. Fam. 7. SAPINDACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. SPONDIACEAE. SUMAC FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, or vines, with milky, resinous, often acid or caustic, 

 sap. Leaves alternate: blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers 

 monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 

 3--5 petals larger than the sepals. Androeeium of 3-6, or rarely more, 

 stamens. Gynoecium of 1 carpel or of 3-5 more or less united carpels. 

 Fruit a drupe. 



Flowers in terminal compact panicles : drupe with a dark-pubescent outer coat : 

 stone smooth. 1. RHUS. 



Flowers in lax axillary panicles : drupe with a glabrous or pale- 

 pubescent outer coat : stone ribbed. 2. TOXICODENDRON. 



1. RHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf -blades pinnately compound, several- 



foliolate. Flowers polygamous, borne in terminal, compact panicles. Sepals 



commonly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubescent. Style short. Drupe 

 pubescent. Stone smooth and even. Sum. SUMAC. 



