182 AQUIFOLIACEAE. 



Rachis of the leaf winged. 1. R. copallina. 



Rachis of the leaf not winged. 



Leaves and twigs copiously bristly pubescent : leaflets not 



glaucous. 2. R. hirta. 



Leaves and twigs glabrous or nearly so : leaflets glaucous 



beneath. 3. R. gldbra. 



1. R. copallina L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 9-21; blades 

 oblong to oblong-lanceolate or sometimes oval, 3-10 cm. long: stone of the 

 drupe about 4 mm. long. Common, in old fields, thickets and waste places. 

 DWARF-SUMAC. 



2. R. hirta (L.) Sudw. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaflets 11-31; 

 blades oblong to lanceolate, or that of the terminal one ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 

 cm. long: petals about 3 mm. long: drupes bristly, the stone 3-3.5 mm. long. 

 Common, on roadsides and hillsides, and in thickets. STAGHORN-SUMAC. 



3. R. glabra L. Shrub, or tree becoming 2-4 m. tall: leaflets 11-31; blades 

 oblong or lanceolate (that of the terminal one often ovate), 3-8 cm. long: 

 petals about 2 mm. long: drupes velvety, the stone 3-3.5 mm. long. Common, 

 in fields and thickets. SMOOTH-SUMAC. 



2. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with 

 poisonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers polygamous, in 

 rather dense panicles. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6. Ovary glabrous: styles short. 

 Drupe glabrous, the sarcocarp wax-secreting. Stone ribbed. 



Leaves with 3 leaflets : vine : panicles short-peduncled. 1. T. radicans. 



Leaves with 7-13 leaflets : shrub or tree : panicles long-peduncled. 2. T. Vernix. 



1. T. radicans (L.) Kuntze. Stems climbing: blades of the leaflets mem- 

 branous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-20 cm. long: sepals ovate, 1 mm. long: 

 petals oblong to oblong-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long: drupes 5-6 mm. in diameter, in 

 spreading panicles. Common, in thickets, woods and fence-rows. Sum. 

 POISON-IVY. POISON-OAK. 



2. T. Vernix (L.) Kuntze. Shrubs or small tree: blades of the lateral leaflets 

 oblong, elliptic, or oval, 4-15 cm. long, undulate: petals linear-oblong, about 

 2 mm. long : drupes subglobose, about 5 mm. broad, in drooping panicles. 

 Frequent, in swamps. Spr. POISON-SUMAC. POISON -DOGWOOD. POISON- 

 ELDER. 



FAMILY 2. AQUIFOLIACEAE. HOLLY FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers perfect 

 or polygamous. Calyx of 4-6 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4-6 petals, 

 which are often united at the base. Androecium of 4-6 stamens. Gynoe- 

 cium of 4-8 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous. 



1. ILEX L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or 

 toothed. Flowers sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Corolla 

 rotate, deciduous. Drupe with 4-8 nutlets. Spr. HOLLY. 



Leaves deciduous ; blades not leathery, not spiny-toothed : nutlets smooth. 

 Staminate and pistillate flowers short-pedicelled : sepals ciliolate. 



1. /. verticillata. 



Staminate flowers long-pedicelled, pistillate flowers short- 

 pedicelled : sepals not ciliolate. 2. /. laevigata. 

 Leaves persistent ; blades leathery, spiny-toothed : nutlets ribbed. 3. /. opaca. 



1. I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray. Shrub, or small tree sometimes 7 m. tall, with 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent twigs: leaf -blades thickish, elliptic or oval, 

 varying to ovate or obovate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, 

 more or less pubescent beneath, often reticulate, serrate: Staminate calyx about 

 2.5 mm. wide: Staminate corolla 6-7 mm. wide: drupes 6-8 mm. in diameter, 

 red. Frequent, in swamps and low grounds. WINTERBERRY. BLACK-ALDER. 



