VIOLACEAE. 193 



2. LECHEA Kalm. Erect plants with many very leafy shoots at the 

 base of the stem in the fall. Leaf -blades narrow, or those of the leaves on the 

 shoots often broad and short. Flowers complete, minute. Corolla purplish or 

 greenish. Ovules erect. Capsules all alike. Sum. PINWEED. 



Capsules oblong : pedicels over 1.5 mm. long : calyx glabrous at maturity. 



1. L. racemulosa. 



Capsules globular : pedicels 1 mm. long or less : calyx perma- 

 nently pubescent. 2. L. villosa. 



1. L. racemulosa Michx. Stems 1.5-5 dm. tall, the branches divergent or 

 ascending: stem-leaves with oblong or linear-oblong blades narrowed at the 

 base, 8-18 mm. long; leaves of the basal shoots smaller than the stem-leaves: 

 panicle sparsely leafy: flowers not close together: inner sepals broadly oblong, 

 about 1.5 mm. long: petals linear-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long: pods oblong or 

 nearly so, longer than the sepals. M. S. Common, on dry banks and road- 

 sides. Quartzite, schists. 



2. L. villosa Ell. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, the branches ascending: stem-leaves with 

 oblong or elliptic blades 15-25 mm. long; leaves of the basal shoots broader 

 than the stem-leaves: panicle-branches ascending: flowers close together: inner 

 sepals broadly oblong, 1.5-1.8 mm. long: petals linear-oblong, about 1 mm. 

 long: pods globose, about 1.5 mm. in diameter. M. S. Occasional, on the 

 river shore, and along the Conestoga. Limestones, schists. 



FAMILY 3. VIOLACEAE. VIOLET FAMILY. 



Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades 

 simple. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 5 nearly equal sepals. 

 Corolla of 5 unequal petals. Androecium of 5 converging or syngenesious 

 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a capsule. 



Sepals auricled at the base : lower petal spurred : stamens distinct. 1. VIOLA. 

 Sepals not auricled at the base : lower petal not spurred : stamens 



united. 2. CUBBLIUM. 



1. VIOLA [Tourn.] L. Scapose or caulescent herbs, with short or elon- 

 gate rootstocks. Leaf-blades narrow or broad, often of a cordate type. 

 Flowers various: petaliferous ones appearing in spring, solitary on elongate 

 peduncles; later cleistogamous flowers appear which produce fruits with abun- 

 dant seed. Corolla mostly violet, purple, yellow, or white. Stamens 5 in each 

 petaliferous flower, the two lower ones with appendages that project into the 

 sac or spur of the lower petal; these two stamens alone develop in the 

 cleistogamous flowers. Capsule often nodding, elastically 3-valved. Allied 

 species freely hybridize; the hybrids show marked vegetative vigor, but im- 

 paired fertility. VIOLET. The following treatment of Viola is taken from 

 that written by Professor Ezra Brainerd for my Flora of the Southeastern 

 United States. (Second Edition, 1913.) J.K.S. 



Plants acaulescent : leaves and scapes from a rootstock or from runners. 

 Flowers without marked fragrance : native plants. 

 Corolla violet or purple : plants without stolons. 



All petals beardless : cleistogamous flowers wanting. 1. V. pedata. 

 Lateral petals bearded : cleistogamous flowers 



present. 

 Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on short prostrate 



peduncles : capsules usually brown. 

 All, or all except the early and late, leaves 

 with lobed, parted or divided blades. 

 All leaves, except sometimes the first 

 leaf of spring, with palmately 5- 

 11-lobed or -parted blades. 

 Lancaster County Flora 13. 



