194 



VIOLACEAE. 



Plants with villous foliage : seeds 



brown. 

 Plants with nearly or quite glabrous 



foliage : seeds buff. 



Earliest and latest leaves with entire or 

 merely toothed blades, the others usu- 

 ally pedately 3-7-lobed, -parted or 

 -divided. 

 All leaves with entire or merely toothed 



blades. 

 Plants with nearly or quite glabrous 



foliage. 



Plants with markedly pubescent foliage. 



Leaves with villous petioles and lower 



blade-surface : seeds dark-brown. 



Leaves with hirsutulous upper and 



glabrous lower surface : seeds buff. 



Cleistogamous flowers on ascending or erect 



peduncles. 



Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on long ascend- 

 ing peduncles : capsules brown. 

 Cleistogamous flowers subulate or sagittate, 



on erect peduncles : capsules green. 

 Spurred petal glabrous ; lateral petals 

 bearded with clavate hairs : leaves gla- 

 brous ; blades broadly ovate-cordate, 

 toothed. 



Spurred petal villous at the base; lat- 

 eral petals bearded with capillary 

 hairs. 



Plants with finely pubescent foliage. 

 Plants with nearly or quite glabrous 



foliage. 



Leaf-blades lanceolate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, incised at the base. 

 Leaf-blades deltoid to broadly 

 ovate, coarsely toothed at the 

 base. 

 Corolla white or yellow and sometimes dark-streaked : 



plants stoloniferous. 

 Corolla white. 



Cleistogamous flowers on prostrate peduncles, 

 their capsules ovoid, commonly reddish- 

 brown : plants of cold ravines and low rich 

 woods. 



Cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles, their 

 capsules ellipsoid, green : plants of open 

 bogs or swamps. 

 Leaf-blades broad. 



Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate : seeds 



1 mm. long. 

 Leaf-blades oblong to ovate : seeds 1.5 



mm. long. 

 Leaf-blades narrow, lanceolate to narrowly 



elliptic. 



Corolla yellow. 



Flowers very fragrant : naturalized plant. 

 Plants caulescent : flowers axillary. 



Style-tip slender or enlarged, but not hollow at the apex : 



stipules entire or bristly toothed. 

 Style-tip swollen : corolla-spur short : stipules nearly 



entire. 

 Petals yellow. 



Basal leaves usually 1-3 : plants sparingly pubes- 

 cent. 

 Basal leaves usually wanting : plants markedly 



pubescent. 



Petals white within, usually violet without. 

 Style-tip slender : corolla-spur at least twice as long 



as thick : stipules bristly toothed. 

 Spur short, less than 8 mm. long : lateral petals 



bearded. 



Corolla white or cream-colored. 

 Corolla violet-blue. 

 Spur elongate, over 10 mm. long : lateral petals 



beardless. 



Style-tip markedly swollen, the globose apex hollow : stip- 

 ules foliaceous, pectinate at the base. 



2. V. palmata. 



3. V. Stoneana. 



4. V. triloba. 



5. V. papilionacea. 



6. V. sororia. 



7. V. hirsutula. 



8. V. aflinis. 



9. V. cucullata, 



10. V. fimlriatula. 



11. V. sagittata. 



12. V. emarginata. 



13. V. Wanda. 



14. V. pollens. 



15. V. primulifolia. 



16. V. lanceolata. 



17. V. rotundifolia. 



18. V. odorata. 



19. 7. eriocarpa. 



20. 7. pubescens. 



21. 7. canadensis. 



22. 7. striata. 



23. 7. conspersa. 



24. 7. rostrata. 



