196 VIOLACEAE. 



7. V. hirsutula Brainerd. Plants of small size: leaf -blades frequently ap- 

 pressed to the ground, 2-5 cm. wide, cordate-ovate to renif orm, obtuse, purplish 

 and glabrous beneath, silvery pubescent above, often purple-veined and mottled 

 with different shades of green: flowers on peduncles exceeding the leaves: 

 corolla reddish-purple: apetalous flowers small, ovoid, on short prostrate 

 peduncles, developing ovoid capsules 6-8 mm. long, purplish, bearing each 

 20-30 light-brown seeds. Lower Susquehanna valley. Occasional, on shaded 

 banks. Schists. 



8. V. affinis LeConte. Plant nearly glabrous: leaf -blades that unfold at vernal 

 flowering narrowly cordate-ovate and commonly attenuate toward the apex, 

 becoming 4-6 cm. wide in summer, the margin noticeably crenate-serrate; 

 petioles slender: corolla violet with the white base conspicuous, the spurred 

 petal more or less villous: cleistogamous flowers small, ovoid, on rather long 

 ascending peduncles: capsules oblong, 5-8 mm. long, usually reddish-brown, 

 sometimes green, either glabrous or clothed with minute dense pubescence: 

 sepals half the length of the capsule, with small appressed auricles: seeds 

 normally buff. Frequent, in moist meadows and low woods, and along streams. 



9. V. cucullata Ait. Plant glabrous: leaf -blades, except the earliest, cordate- 

 ovate, acute or subacuminate, often 9 cm. wide when mature: peduncles com- 

 monly much exceeding the leaves: sepals narrowly lanceolate: corolla violet- 

 blue, darker-colored at the throat, the lateral petals with strongly clavate 

 beard, the spurred petal glabrous, generally somewhat shorter than the lateral 

 ones : cleistogamous flowers long and slender, on erect often elongated peduncles : 

 capsules ovoid-cylindric, green, 10-15 mm. long, but little exceeding the long- 

 auricled sepals: seeds nearly black, 1.5 mm. long. Common, in wet places. 



10. V. fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Eootstock becoming long and stout, usually 

 erect: earliest leaf -blades ovate, obtuse, the later ones ovate-oblong, acute, 

 finely pubescent, obscurely crenulate toward the apex, the basal lobes often 

 sharply toothed, incised or auriculate: scapes commonly exceeding the leaves: 

 auricles of the sepals somewhat spreading and ciliate: corolla violet-purple: 

 capsules green, ovoid, 6-10 mm. long: seeds brown: cleistogamous flowers on 

 erect peduncles. E. Occasional, on dry banks. Quartzite. 



11. V. sagittata Ait. Plant usually glabrous, except the often ciliate leaves, 

 or finely pubescent throughout: leaf -blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 becoming 4-8 cm. long, hastately or sagittately toothed or cleft at the base ; the 

 earliest and those produced in late summer often deltoid-ovate, obtuse, merely 

 crenate at the base: sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, glabrous: corolla violet- 

 purple: capsules 8-14 mm. long, containing 50-70 brown seeds. N. S. Com- 

 mon, in dry places and on roadsides and banks. Sandstones and shales, 

 schists. 



12. V. emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. Plant glabrous: mature leaf -blades del- 

 toid or broadly ovate, the base truncate or subcordate, often decurrent, obscurely 

 crenate-serrate above the middle, coarsely toothed or incised below: corolla 

 violet -blue, the petals sometimes emarginate: cleistogamous capsules ellipsoid, 

 8-14 mm. long: peduncles erect, somewhat shorter than the leaves: seeds 

 brown. Frequent, in dry woods and on hillsides. 



13. V. blanda Willd. Leaf -blades cordate-ovate with narrow sinus, commonly 

 acute, often acuminate, glabrous except for minute scattered hairs on the upper 

 surface; petioles, and scapes, usually tinged with red: lateral petals beardless, 

 the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, sometimes twisted: 

 cleistogamous capsules ovoid, dark-purple: seeds dark-brown, minutely rugose, 

 acute at base, 1.5 mm. long: plants freely producing, in summer, slender leafy 

 runners. [V. LeContecma G. Don.] N. S. Occasional, in cool ravines and on 

 shaded slopes. Sandstones and shales, schists. 



