VEBBENACEAE. 243 



lobes acuminate, each with an ovate to lanceolate body: corolla yellowish or 

 purplish, 10-15 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, the appendages lanceolate: 

 nutlets 3-4 mm. long. Occasional, on roadsides and about gardens. Nat. of 

 Eu. Sum. COMFREY. HEALING-HERB. 



9. BORAGO L. Annual or perennial herbs. Corolla rotate, regular or 

 nearly so, the throat appendaged. Tree portions of the filaments short. 



1. B. officinalis L. Plant 2-10 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf -blades oblong to oblong- 

 ovate, 4-9 cm. long, shallowly toothed, on winged petioles: cymes few-many- 

 flowered: calyx bristly; lobes linear-lanceolate, 10-13 mm. long: corolla blue 

 or rarely white, 3-4 cm. wide; lobes ovate-lanceolate: nutlets 4-5 mm. long, 

 tubercled. M. Occasional, on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. Sum. BORAGE. 



10. ECHIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Corolla funnel- 

 form, markedly irregular, the throat unappendaged. Free portion of the 

 filaments elongate. 



1. E. vulgare L. Plants 3-7 dm. tall, bristly-pubescent: leaf -blades linear- 

 oblanceolate below, linear to linear-lanceolate above, 2-15 cm. long: calyx- 

 lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, becoming 8-12 mm. long: corolla blue or 

 purplish, or rarely white ; lobes 5-6 mm. long : style pubescent : nutlets about 

 3 mm. long, wrinkled. Common, in old fields and on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. 

 Sum. VIPER 'S-BUGLOSS. BLUE-DEVIL. BLUEWEED. 



FAMILY 7. VERBENACEAE. VERVAIN FAMILY. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Stems commonly angled. Leaves alternate, 

 opposite, or whorled : blades simple or rarely compound. Calyx of 4 or 5 

 partially or wholly united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united petals, 

 sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2 or 4 stamens, the filaments more or 

 less adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-4-carpellary, the style ter- 

 minal. Fruit baccate or drupaceous or an aggregate of 2 or 4 nutlets. 



Corolla nearly regular ; lobes 5 : fruit of 4 nutlets. 1. VERBENA. 



Corolla 2-lipped ; lobes 4 : fruit of 2 nutlets. 2. PHYLA. 



1. VERBENA [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- 

 blades entire, toothed or parted. Flowers in elongate, often very slender 

 spikes, the bracts narrow. Calyx mainly tubular, 5-lobed. Corolla white or 

 colored, salverform: lobes 5, unequal. Anthers unappendaged. Fruit an 

 aggregate of 4, often narrow, nutlets filling the calyx. Sum. VERBENA. 

 VERVAIN. 



Bracts inconspicuous, shorter than the calyx or the corolla. 

 Spikes slender, continuous by the imbricate fruits. 



Spikes sessile or nearly so : corolla-limb 8-9 mm. wide : plants densely soft- 

 pubescent. 1. V. stricta. 

 Spikes peduncled : corolla-limb 2.5-6 mm. wide : plants 



sparingly pubescent or glabrous. 

 Leaf -blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate : nutlets 



smooth or nearly so. 2. V. hastata. 



Leaf-blades linear-spatulate to linear : nutlets reticu- 

 late. 3. V. angustifolia. 

 Spikes very slender, becoming interrupted, the fruits, at 



least, not imbricate. 



Leaf-blades merely toothed: corolla white. 4. V. urticaefolia. 



Leaf-blades pinnately 1-2-cleft or incised : corolla purple 



or blue. 5. y m officinalis. 



Bracts conspicuous, much longer than the calyx and corolla. 6. V. bracteosa. 



1. V. stricta Vent. Perennial, 2-12 dm. tall, densely pale-pubescent: leaves 

 3-10 cm. long; blades suborbicular, oval, or oblong, serrate or incised: spikes 



