270 KUBIACEAE. 



dioecious, the staminate clustered, the pistillate often solitary. Calyx of 

 3-6 sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 3-6 stamens opposite the 

 sepals on the edge of the hypanthium. Gynoecium compound. Fruit 

 mostly drupaceous. 



1. COMANDRA Nutt. Herbs with long rootstocks. Leaves alternate: 

 blades narrow. Flowers perfect, cymose. Style columnar: stigma capitate. 

 Drupe crowned with the persistent calyx. 



1. C. unibellata (L.) Nutt. Plants 2-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong, oval, or 

 oblong-lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm. long: sepals oblong-ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long: sta- 

 mens $ as long as the sepals : drupe about 5 mm. in diameter. Eather com- 

 mon, in thickets and on banks. Spr. and sum. BASTARD-TOADFLAX. 



Order RUBIALES. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled. Flowers 

 perfect or polygamous, axillary or cymose. Hypanthium present. Calyx 

 of 2 or more, often small sepals. Corolla of 3 or more partially united 

 petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are petals or twice as 

 many. Gynoecium 2-several-carpellary. Ovary wholly or partially in- 

 ferior. Fruit a capsule, a berry, or a drupe. 



Leaves with stipules adnate to the stem between the leaf-bases. 



Fam. 1. RUBIACBAE. 

 Leaves without stipules, or if present the stipules are 



adnate to the petiole. Fam. 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. RUBIACEAE. MADDER FAMILY. 



Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or whorled, with 

 interpetiolar, sometimes foliaceous stipules. Flowers perfect or polyg- 

 amous, regular or nearly so. Calyx of 3-6, or more, sepals surmounting 

 the hypanthium, or obsolete. Corolla of 3-6, or more, more or less united 

 petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are petals and alternate 

 with them. Gynoecium 2-several-carpellary. Fruit a capsule, a drupe, 

 or a berry. 



Cavities of the ovary with several or many ovules : seeds several or many. 



1. HOUSTONIA. 

 Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each : seed solitary. 



Flowers in dense heads : shrubs or trees. 2. CEPHALANTIIUS. 



Flowers solitary or in an open inflorescence : herbs or 



undershrubs. 

 Ovule, or seed, with a basal attachment : flowers 



paired, the ovaries united. 3. MITCHELLA. 



Ovule, or seed, with a lateral attachment : flowers not 



paired, the ovaries distinct. 

 Stipules relatively small or inconspicuous, more or 



less cleft. 4. DIODELLA. 



Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leaves. 



Sepals minute or obsolete : corolla rotate. 5. GALIUM. 



Sepals prominent : corolla funnelform. 6. SHERAEDIA. 



1. HOUSTONIA L. Annual or perennial, erect or creeping herbs. Leaf- 

 blades narrow or broad. Flowers in open or compact cymes. Sepals 4, com- 

 monly narrow. Corolla funnelform or salverform: tube long: lobes mostly 

 shorter than the tube. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to above the middle of 

 the corolla-tube. Style slender. Capsules seated on or in the hypanthium, 

 flattened. 



