CAPEIFOLIACEAE. 275 



4. V. nudum L. Shrub: leaf -blades thick, oval, ovate, oblong, broadly lanceo- 

 late, or oblanceolate, undulate or obscurely toothed, 5-15 cm. long, shining: 

 corolla 4.5-6 mm. wide: filaments much exceeding the corolla-lobes: drupes 

 oval to subglobose, 6-10 mm. long, deep-blue. E. S. Occasional, in swamps. 

 Schists. WITHE-ROD. 



5. V. cassinoides L. Shrub or small tree: leaf -blades thickish, ovate-elliptic, 

 ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, undulate or crenate, 2.5-10 cm. long: corolla 

 4-5 mm. wide: filaments much exceeding the corolla-lobes: drupes ovoid or 

 globose-ovoid, 6-9 mm. long, deep-blue or rarely pink. S. Occasional, about 

 swamps. Schists. WITHE-ROD. 



6. V. Lentago L. Shrub or tree: leaf -blades ovate to obovate or rarely sub- 

 orbicular, finely and sharply serrate, 4-10 cm. long: sepals mostly acute or 

 acutish: corolla-lobes ovate: filaments twice as long as the corolla or nearly 

 so : drupes oval, 10-12 mm. long, bluish-black. S. Occasional, on banks of 

 creeks. Schists. NANNYBERRY. SHEEPBERRY. WILD-RAISIN. 



7. V. pmnifolium L. Shrub or tree: leaf -blades thinnish, oval varying to 

 ovate or obovate, or rarely suborbicular, finely, sometimes obscurely, serrulate, 

 2.5-5 cm. long: sepals obtuse: corolla-lobes suborbicular: filaments much less 

 than twice as long as the corolla : drupes oblong, sometimes broadly so, 7-9 mm. 

 long, bluish-black under the bloom. Common, in thickets and woods. 

 BLACK-HAW. 



3. TRIOSTEUM L. Herbs with simple stems. Leaf -blades entire, some- 

 times connate-perfoliate. Flowers axillary. Sepals foliaceous. Filaments 

 adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube. Anthers linear. Ovary 3-5-celled. 

 Drupes leathery or fleshy. Sum. HORSE-GENTIAN. FEVERWORT. 



Leaf-blades narrowed to the sessile or slightly connate-perfoliate bases. 



Leaves over thrice as long as broad : corolla yellowish. 1. T. angustifolium. 



Leaves less than thrice as long as broad : corolla dull-red. 2. T. aurantiacum. 

 Leaf-blades with broadly dilated connate-perfoliate bases. 3. T. perfoliatum. 



1. T. angustifolium L. Stem hirsute or softly hispid, 3-9 dm. tall: blades of 

 the upper leaves usually narrowly elliptic, varying to lanceolate or oblanceo- 

 late, 3-15 cm. long: sepals 8-10 mm. long: corolla 12-15 mm. long: drupes 

 about 10 mm. long. M. S. Occasional, on edges of thickets. Limestones, 

 schists. 



2. T. aurantiacum Bicknell. Similar to T. angustifolium in habit: blades of 

 the upper leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 15-25 cm. long: sepals 

 12-20 mm. long : corolla 14-20' mm. long : drupes 12-14 mm. long. S. 

 Frequent, on rich hillsides along the Susquehanna. Schists. 



3. T. perfoliatum L. Stems softly pubescent: blades of the upper leaves 

 ovate to broadly oval, 10-25 cm. long: sepals 11-15 mm. long: corolla 12-15 

 mm. long : drupes 8-12 mm. long. Bather common, in rich soil. WILD- 

 COFFEE. TINKER 'S-WEED. 



4. SYMPHORICARPOS [Dill.] Ludwig. Shrubs with much branched 

 stems. Leaf-blades entire, or lobed on shoots. Flowers in spikes or racemes. 

 Sepals minute. Filaments adnate to the top of the corolla-tube. Anthers 

 oblong. Ovary 4-celled. Drupe berry -like, fleshy, with 2 nutlets. Sum. 

 SNOW-BERRY. 



Style glabrous : drupes white : corolla pale. 1. 8. racemosus. 



Style pubescent : drupes red or purple : corolla dark. 2. . Symphoricarpos. 



1. S. racemosus Michx. Shrub 1-2 m. tall, the twigs and leaves glabrous: 

 leaf -blades elliptic or suborbicular, 3-6 cm. long: flowers short-pedicelled : 

 corolla white or pinkish, 6-7 mm. long: drupes 6-10 mm. long. E. Bare, in 

 thickets. 



