278 MOEINACEAE. 



FAMILY 2. MOEJNACEAE. TEASEL FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial, often prickly herbs, or woody plants. Leaves 

 opposite: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Flowers perfect, each sub- 

 tended by an involucel, commonly crowded on a receptacle and involucrate. 

 Calyx a cup-like border or of several bristles. Corolla of 2-5 partially 

 united petals, sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2-4 stamens: filaments 

 adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 1-carpellary. Ovary inferior. 

 Fruit an achene crowned with a calyx. 



1. DIPSACTTS [Tourn.] L. Coarse prickly herbs. Leaf -blades often 

 connate-perf oliate. Flower-heads globular or elongate. Involucral bracts rigid. 

 Calyx cup-like, sometimes 4-lobed. Corolla tubular-funnelform. Ovary en- 

 closed in the involucel. Achenes 8-ribbed. TEASEL. 



1. D. sylvestris Huds. Biennial, 1-2.5 m. tall: blades of the stem-leaves 

 lanceolate, entire: heads ovoid, 5-6 cm. long, the involucral bracts linear-lan- 

 ceolate, rough: calyx fully 1 mm. long: corolla 11-13 mm. long; lobes 4, lilac, 

 broadly ovate : stamens exserted : achenes about 5 mm. long. N. M. Bather 

 common, in waste places and fence corners. Nat. of Eu. Sum. WILD- 

 TEASEL. 



Order ARISTOLOCHIALES. 



Herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades mostly cordate or 

 hastate. Flowers perfect, often conspicuous. Hypanthium mostly adnate 

 to the ovary. Calyx regular or very irregular. Corolla wanting or rudi- 

 mentary. Androecium of as many stamens as there are calyx-lobes or 

 more. Gynoecium of usually 6 united carpels. Fruit a capsule. 



FAMILY 1. ASARACEAE. BIRTHWORT FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate : blades sometimes 

 lobed, generally cordate. Flowers perfect, regular or very irregular. 

 Calyx usually colored, the tube often bent or inflated. Androecium of 6- 

 many stamens. Gynoecium of 4-6 united carpels. Ovary mostly inferior. 

 Fruit capsular. 



Acaulescent herbs : calyx regular, persistent : capsules fleshy. 1. ASABDM. 

 Caulescent herbs or vines : calyx irregular, deciduous : capsules 



dry. 2. AEISTOLOCHIA. 



1. ASARUM [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent gingerous herbs. Leaves in pairs: 

 blades not lustrous. Flower-stalks arising between the petioles. Hypanthium 

 angled, pubescent. Sepals deciduous. Capsule inferior. Seeds turgid. Spr. 

 WILD-GINGER. 



Sepals lanceolate-acuminate, not reflexed, longer than the hypanthium. 



1. A. canadense. 

 Sepals triangular, merely acute, reflexed, about as long as the 



hypanthium. 2. A. reflexum. 



1. A. canadense L. Leaf -blades reniform, 6-15 cm. wide, the sinus closed: 

 hypanthium thinly pubescent: sepals abruptly acuminate, the tubular portions 

 curving upward. S. Occasional, on rocky hillsides along the Octoraro Creek, 

 Schists. 



2. A. reflexum Bicknell. Leaf -blades reniform, 6-14 cm. wide, the sinus 

 open: flowers smaller than those of the preceding species: sepals 8-10 mm. 

 long, early reflexed, obtuse at the tip. Common, in rich woods. 



