300 CAKDUACEAE. 



narrow, the inner ones several times longer than the outer. Ray-flowers 

 several, with bright-colored elongate ligules. Disk-corollas yellow, with a 

 slender tube and a longer funnelform throat, the lobes deltoid. Pappus of 

 slender bristles in 2 indistinct series, the outer bristles the shorter. 



1. I. lineariifolia (L.) Greene. Stems tufted, 1.5-6 dm. tall, rough-pubescent: 

 leaf -blades linear-spatulate to linear, 1.5-3 cm. long, scabrous-margined: inner 

 bracts of the involucre narrowly linear, 6-8 mm. long: ligules bright-violet 

 or rarely white, 8-15 mm. long. Bather common, in dry soil or on rocky 

 banks. Fall. 



19. BACCHAR1S L. Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate : bladea 

 leathery, entire or toothed. Heads dioecious, often clustered, discoid. Invo- 

 lucres ovoid to campanulate, many-flowered: bracts of the staminate invo- 

 lucres smaller than those of the pistillate. Corollas various, those of the 

 staminate with a funnelform throat and a long tube: lobes lanceolate, those of 

 the pistillate flowers filiform. Pappus of the staminate flowers shorter than 

 that of the pistillate. 



1. B. halimifolia L. Shrub 9-40 dm. tall, resinous: leaf -blades suborbicular 

 to oblong or linear-elliptic, some of them, at least, coarsely toothed: pistillate 

 involucres about 6 mm. long; inner bracts oblong-spatulate. S. Rare, in 

 swamps. Serpentine. Fall. Not recently collected. GROUNDSEL-TREE. 

 GROUNDSEL-BUSH. 



20. GIFOLA Cass. Annual caulescent herbs resembling Gnaphalium. 

 Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads discoid, in small dense, some- 

 times proliferous, clusters. Involucres narrow, sessile: bracts scarious, in 

 several series. Receptacle subulate to conic, chaffy. Pistillate flowers margi- 

 nal, fruit-producing, with filiform corollas and rudimentary or no pappus. 

 Perfect flowers central, few, with tubular corollas and hair-like pappus. An- 

 thers sagittate at the base. Achenes terete or slightly flattened. 



1. G. germanica (L.) Dumort. Plants silvery-pubescent, 5-35 cm. tall, the 

 stem or branches usually proliferous above: leaves numerous, erect; blades 

 lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long, acute: involucres 3-3.5 mm. high; bracts 

 ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate: achenes about 

 0.8 mm. long. Rare, in dry soil. Nat. of Eu. Sum. HERBA-IMPIA. COT- 

 TON-ROSE. 



21. ANTENNABIA Gaertn. Perennial woolly stoloniferous herbs. 

 Leaves alternate, those of the short caudex different from those of the flower- 

 ing stem: blades entire. Heads in a terminal cluster, or rarely solitary. 

 Involucres turbinate to campanulate, many-flowered: bracts with petaloid tips, 

 those of the staminate involucres larger than those of the pistillate. Flowers 

 dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus-bristles united at the base. Spr. 

 EVERLASTING. LADIES '-TOBACCO. 



Plants with prostrate stolons which are conspicuously leafy only at the tips : blades 



of the basal leaves cuneate to cuneate-spatulate. 1. A. neglecta. 



Plants with assurgent stolons which are conspicuously leafy 



throughout. 

 Basal leaves relatively small, mainly less than 5 cm. 



long ; blades 1-nerved, spatulate to obovate. 2. A. neodoica. 



Basal leaves relatively large, mainly over 5 cm. long ; 



blades 3-5-nerved, oblong or obovate. 3. A. plantaginifolia. 



1. A. neglecta Greene. Stolons prostrate at the tip, scaly except at the tip: 

 flowering stems 4 dm. tall or less : blades of the basal leaves cuneate to cuneate- 



