CAEDUACEAE. 301 



spatulate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long : heads capitate or ultimately racemose : outer bracts 

 of the pistillate involucre linear : stigmas crimson. Common, on dry banks 

 and in fields. 



2. A. neodioica Greene. Stolons ascending at the tip, copiously leafy: flower- 

 ing stems 4 dm. tall or less: blades of the basal leaves spatulate to obovate, 

 1-3 cm. long: heads corymbose: outer bracts of the pistillate involucre oblong: 

 stigmas pale. Common, on dry banks. 



3. A. plantaginifolia (L.) Eichards. Basal leaves 3-5 cm. long; blades oblong 

 or obovoate: flowering stems 15-50 cm. tall, or shorter on the staminate plants: 

 heads corymbose: outer bracts of the staminate involucre 5-5.5 mm. long, 

 narrowed above: styles crimson. Common, in dry soil and open woods. 



22. AUTAPHALIS DC. Perennial, erect herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 

 narrow, entire. Heads in a terminal corymb. Involucres broad, turgid, many- 

 flowered: bracts pearly- white, obtuse. Flowers dioecious, the staminate with 

 a slender or filiform corolla. Pappus-bristles of the fruit-producing flowers 

 distinct, that of the sterile flowers not thickened at the apex. EVERLASTING. 



1. A. margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Plants woolly, 2-8.5 dm. tall: leaf- 

 blades linear or nearly so, 5-15 cm. long, attenuate: involucres pearly white; 

 outer bracts oblong, the inner spatulate: staminate corollas 3.5-4 mm. long. 

 N. S. Not very common, in dry soil. Quartzite, schists. Sum. 



23. GNAPHALIUM L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaves 

 alternate: blades entire, sometimes decurrent. Heads in open or glomerate 

 cymes, panicles, or corymbs. Involucres ovoid to cylindric, several-many- 

 flowered: bracts various, the inner longer and usually narrower than the outer. 

 Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas filiform. Perfect flowers central: corollas 

 with a cylindric-funnelform throat and a slender tube: lobes ovate to deltoid. 

 Anthers mostly longer than the filaments. Pappus a series of capillary 

 bristles. Sum. CUDWEED. EVERLASTING. 



Pappus-bristles distinct, falling away separately. 



Plants erect, tall : inflorescence corymbose or paniculate : achenes glabrous. 



1. G, obtusifolium. 

 Plants diffuse, low : inflorescence capitate : achenes puberu- 



lent. 2. G. uliginosum. 



Pappus-bristles united at the base, falling away together : 



achenes hispidulous. 3. (?. purpureum. 



1. G. obtusifolium L. Annual, 2-6 dm. tall: cauline leaves 2-10 cm. long; 

 blades oblong-linear to linear, the upper surface glabrous or glabrate: heads 

 corymbose-paniculate : involucre 6-7 mm. high ; inner bracts glabrous. Com- 

 mon, in fields and thickets. 



2. G. uliginosum L. Plants 0.5-3 dm. tall, lanate: leaf -blades spatulate or 

 oblanceolate to linear, mostly 1-3 cm. long, entire: heads in terminal capitate 

 clusters which are subtended by leaf -like woolly bracts: involucres 2-2.5 mm. 

 high; bracts oblong-ovate to linear, acute. S. Occasional, in dry or sandy 

 soil. Schists. LOW-CUDWEED. 



3. G. purpureum L. Plants white-woolly or silvery, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf -blades 

 spatulate to linear, 2-8 cm. long: heads in sessile axillary clusters, these in 

 virgate panicles: outer bracts of the involucre oblong. Common, in sandy 

 soil. 



24. INULA L. Perennial, often large herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 

 broad, toothed. Heads in open panicles or corymbs, usually showy. Invo- 

 lucres hemispheric or campanulate, many-flowered: bracts usually narrow and 



