CICHORIACEAE. 313 



Bracts of the involucre, or some of them, with an elongate apical spine. 



1. C. solstitialis. 

 Bracts of the involucre not spine-armed. 



Bracts entire or sparingly lacerate. 2. C. Jacea. 



Bracts, or some of them, regularly pectinate at the tip. 

 Stem and leaves white-floccose : blades of the lower leaves 



entire. 3. G. Cyanus. 



Stem and leaves inconspicuously pubescent : blades of 

 the lower leaves pinnatifid. 4. G. maculosa. 



1. C. solstitialis L. Plants 3-6 dm. tall, with woolly stems: blades of the 

 stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, entire or merely toothed: involucres 

 ovoid or subglobose, about 1.5 cm. long; bracts various, the intermediate ones 

 with long, slender, yellow spines : corollas yellow. S. Occasional, in fields. 

 Nat. of Eu. 



2. C. Jacea L. Plants 8 dm. tall or less, with sparingly pubescent stems: 

 leaf -blades entire or toothed, often remotely so: involucres subglobose, 1-1.5 

 cm. long; bracts various, the outer paler, contracted near the middle, the 

 others brown, constricted above the middle, all more or less lacerate near the 

 tips : corollas 15 mm. long, or the outer ones larger, rose-purple. S. Occa- 

 sional, in fields. Nat. of Eu. 



3. C. Cyanus L. Plants 1 m. tall or less, with glabrous or sparingly floccose 

 stems: leaf -blades (or segments) narrowly linear: involucres ovoid, 11-14 mm. 

 long ; outer and middle bracts deltoid, ovate, or lanceolate, with the scarious 

 margins sharp-toothed; inner bracts linear or linear-lanceolate: corollas 11-13 

 mm. long, or the outer ones larger, pink, blue, or violet: achenes about 3 mm. 

 long. M. S. Occasional, in fields. Nat. of Eu. 



4. C. maculosa Lam. Plants 1 m. tall or less, with floccose stems: leaf -blades 

 pinnatifid, or the larger ones pinnately parted and with pinnatifid segments: 

 involucres ovoid, about 1 cm. long: outer and middle bracts ovate, firm- 

 pointed, ciliate at the dark tips; inner bracts narrowly linear: corollas 13-15 

 mm. long, or the outer ones larger, whitish, pink, or purplish : achenes about 

 2 mm. long. S. Occasional, in fields. Nat. of Eu. 



FAMILY 3. CICHORIACEAE. CHICORY FAMILY. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. Leaves 

 alternate: blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all alike, 

 borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the 1-sided limb mostly 5-lobed at the 

 apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achenes smooth, papillose, or spiny. 



Pappus of simple hair-like bristles. 

 Achenes smooth or merely papillose. 

 Achenes cylindric or prismatic. 



Heads, or ligules, pale, cream-colored, or purple, 



nodding. 1. NABALUS. 



Heads, or ligules, yellow, orange, or red, erect. 



Pappus of white bristles : involucral bracts in 



1 row. 2. CEEPIS. 



Pappus of tawny bristles : involucral bracts in 



more than 1 row. 3. HIERACIDM. 



Achenes flattened. 



Achenes narrowed at the top or beaked. 



Achenes thin or flat, each prolonged into a slender, 



often filiform beak. 4. LACTUCA. 



Achenes thick, beakless, sometimes with a mere 



neck. 5. MULGEDIUM. 



Achenes truncate at the top. 6. SONCHUS. 



Achenes tuberculate or spinulose, or with spine-like processes. 7. LEONTODON. 

 Pappus of scales, or scales and bristles, or wanting. 

 Pappus at least in part of plumose bristles. 

 Receptacle naked. 



Plume-branches of the pappus not interwebbed. 8. PICRIS. 



Plume-branches of the pappus interwebbed. 0. TBAGOPOGON. 



Receptacle chaffy. 10. HYPOCHAERIS. 



