CICHOBIACEAE. 317 



7. LEONTODON L. Perennial low acaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades sin- 

 uate-toothed or runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely entire. Heads solitary. Invo- 

 lucre thick, scaly. Achenes not much flattened. Pappus persistent. Spr.- 

 f all. DANDELION. 



Inner involucral bracts unappendaged : achenes brown or olive-green. 



1. L. Taraxacum. 

 Inner involucral bracts appendaged at the tip : achenes red 



or red-brown. 2. L. erythrospermum. 



1. L. Taraxacum L. Leaf-blades sinuate or coarsely pinnatifid, often lyrate, 

 the lobes broad: heads 3-5 cm. wide, the ligules orange-yellow: involucral 

 tracts green, the outer ones long, reflexed: achene-body bluntly spinulose near 

 the top: pappus white. Common, nearly everywhere. 'Nat. of Eu. 



2. L. erytnrospermus (Andrz.) Eichw. Leaf-blades pinnatifid or pinnately 

 divided, runcinate, the lobes narrow: heads 2-3 cm. wide, the ligules light- 

 yellow: involucral bracts glaucous, the outer ones short, ascending or spread- 

 ing : achene-body sharply spinulose near the apex : pappus dirty- white. M. 

 Occasional, on lawns and in waste places. Nat. of Eu. 



8. PICRIS L. Annual or biennial caulescent coarse herbs. Leaves alter- 

 nate: blades entire or sinuate, often partially clasping. Heads many-flowered, 

 loosely corymbose. Involucres rather broad: bracts in several series and of 

 different shapes. Corollas yellow. Achenes stout, with rough ribs. Pappus 

 -of more or less plumose hairs. Fall. 



Outer bracts of the involucre narrow : achenes scarcely if at all beaked : pappus- 

 bristles slightly plumose. 1. P. hieracioides. 



Outer bracts of the involucre ovate : achene long-beaked : 



pappus-bristles copiously plumose. 2. P. echioides. 



1. P. hieracioides L. Stems somewhat hispid: leaf -blades mostly lanceolate 

 or linear, sinuate: outer bracts of the involucre linear, smaller and narrower 

 than the inner: corollas 9-11 mm. long; tube glabrous: achenes oblong, beak- 

 less or nearly so : pappus slightly plumose. S. Occasional, in fields near 

 Wakefield. Nat. of Eu. 



2. P. echioides L. Stems hirsute: leaf -blades spatulate to oblong or lanceo- 

 late, entire or undulate: outer bracts of the involucre ovate, longer and 

 broader than the inner: corollas 14-15 mm. long; tube pubescent: achenes 

 oblong, beaked : pappus copiously plumose. S. Occasional, in fields. Nat. 

 of Eu. OX-TONGUE. 



9. TRAGOPOGON [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial erect caulescent, 

 rather coarse herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, long-attenuate, often sheathing at 

 the base. Heads erect. Involucres relatively narrow: bracts elongate, often 

 surpassing the disk. Achenes terete or 5-angled, the inner at least slender- 

 beaked. 



1. T. porrifolius L. Stems 4-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades clasping or sheathing 

 at the base: peduncles gradually enlarged upward: bracts of the involucre 

 linear-lanceolate, 30-40 mm. long: achenes slender-fusiform, 3.54 cm. long. 

 N. M. Frequent, in fence-rows and on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. Sum. 

 SALSIFY. OYSTER-PLANT. 



10. HYPOCHAEBIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, scapose herbs, the 

 scapes often minutely scaly. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads 

 showy, erect, long-peduncled. Involucres cylindric to campanulate: bracts in 

 ^several unequal series, the outer ones very small, the inner ones with dorsal 



