6 Pinaceae 



aristulate bracts, maturing the first year. Seeds without 

 resinous-resides, the wing at last breaking off ; coty- 

 ledons 6-12. 



1. P. macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr. (BIG-CONE SPRUCE.) Tree 

 12-18 m. high, rarely 1 m. in diameter, branches spreading; 

 leaves rather narrow, acutish; staminate cones about 2 cm. 

 long; fruiting cones 12-18 cm. long, 5-6 cm. thick; scales large, 

 rather thick; bracts somewhat exceeding the scales; seeds in- 

 cluding wing about 10 mm. long; cotyledons 9-12. 



Rather common in all our mountains except the Santa Monica. Ranging 

 mostly from 2000-5000 feet altitude, being confined for the most part to 

 canyons and north slopes in the upper portions of the chaparral belt and 

 extending into the pine belt. 



3. ABIES Link. FIR. 



Evergreen trees with sessile leaves appearing 2-ranked 

 by a twist of the petiole leaving a circular scar on the 

 smooth branches, more or less flattened and emarginate, 

 bearing stomata only or mainly on the lower surface, 

 with 2 longitudinal resin-ducts mostly close to the epi- 

 dermis on the lower side. Staminate cones oval or cylin- 

 dric, scales terminating in a knob, bearing 2 anthers, 

 these transversely dehiscent. Pistillate cones erect, the 

 bract much larger than the scale. Fruiting cones erect, 

 maturing the first year, scales and enclosed or exserted 

 membranous bracts falling at maturity from the persist- 

 ent axis. Seeds partly and permanently enclosed by 

 the base of the wing. Cotyledons 4-10. 



1. A. concolor (Gord.) Parry. (WHITE FIR.) Often becoming 

 a large tree with rough grayish bark; leaves obtuse, pale green, 

 with stomata on both sides, 2-3 cm. long or on young trees often 

 5 cm. long, convex above, somewhat falcate ; mature cones oblong- 

 cylindric, 8-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. thick, pale green; scales 24-30 

 mm. broad, but little over half as long; bracts short enclosed, 

 truncate or emarginate, with or without a short mucro; wing of 

 the seeds oblique, as broad as long; cotyledons 5-7. 



Frequent in the coniferous forests of the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, 

 San Jacinto and Cuyamaca Mountains. 



