8 Typhaceae 



short and thick, mostly acute, grayish green ; fruit oblong-ovate, 

 reddish, dry and sweetish, 10-14 mm. long, of 6 or rarely 4 scales, 

 usually 1-seeded; seed 8-12 mm. long, smooth, often angled or 

 grooved, brown with a whitish 2-3-lobed hilum ; cotyledons 4-6. 



San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Wash near the mouth of the can- 

 yon. Common on the desert slope. 



2. J. occidentalis Hook. Usually a small tree, 6-12 m. high ; 

 fruit blue- black, resinous-fleshy ; seeds deeply pitted ; cotyledons 2. 



Summit of Mt. San Antonio and in Bear Valley, San Bernardino 

 Mountains. 



Family 2. TYPHACEAE. CAT-TAIL FAMILY. 



Marsh or aquatic herbs with creeping rootstocks and 

 solid cylindric stems, bearing long linear alternate 

 leaves. Flowers monoecious, in dense spikes or heads. 

 Perianth composed of bristles or irregular scales. Sta- 

 mens 2-7, filaments distinct or connate. Ovary stipitate 

 or sessile, 1-2-ovuled. Fruit nut-like ; endosperm 

 copious. 



Flowers in spikes. 1. TYPHA. 



Flowers in heads. 2. SPARGANIUM. 



1. TYPHA L. CAT-TAIL. 



Stems tall simple terminating in a long spike, "the 

 staminate portion above contiguous with the pistillate 

 below or separate. Perianth of numerous fine bristles. 

 Filaments connate. Nuts small, enveloped in a copious 

 down. 



1. T. latifolia L. Stems stout, 1.5-3 m. high; leaves long, 

 6-20 mm. wide, sheathing at base; spike 15-25 cm. long, 20 mm. 

 or more in diameter, the staminate and pistillate portions usually 

 contiguous; stigmas rhomboid or spatulate; pollen grains in 4's; 

 fruit furrowed, bursting in water; seeds with separate outer 

 coat. 



Frequent throughout our range along the margins of marshes or slow- 

 running streams. May-July. 



2. T. angustifolia L. Stems slender, 1.5-3.5 m. high; leaves 

 4-9 mm. wide; spikes 15-30 cm. long, 4-15 mm. in diameter, the 



