KEY TO THE FAMILIES 5 



Carpels fewer than the sepals. 2 or rarely 3, distinct or 

 only partly united; plant scarcely succulent. 



57. SAXIFRAGACEAE 376 



Shrubs or trees; fruit thin-walled follicles; stipules present. 



(Opulaster in) 6O. ROSACEAE 399 



Endosperm wanting or scant; stipules mostly present. 



Carpels several or numerous, or, if solitary, becoming an achene. 



60. ROSACEAE 399 



Carpel solitary, not becoming an achene. 



Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. 



62. AMYQDALACEAE 450 



Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a legume; leaves pinnately 



compound. 63. MlMOSACEAE 452 



Flowers irregular (mostly zygomorphic) . 



Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud; corolla not 



papilionaceous. 64. CAESALPINIACEAE 453 



Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in bud; corolla papilionace- 

 ous. 65. FAB ACE AE 454 

 2. Carpels several and united, 

 a. Ovary superior. 



* Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. 

 f Stamens numerous. 



Sepals imbricate. 



Filaments united in 3 or more sets ; leaves pellucid-punctate. 



82. HYPERICACEAE 563 



Filaments distinct; leaves not punctate. 



Calyx deciduous. 50. PAPAVERACEAE 316 



Calyx persistent. 



Stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid; land 

 plants; petals and sepals 4. 



53. CAPPARIDACEAE 370 



Stigmas united into a disk; aquatic plants; petals 



and sepals numerous. 47. NYMPHAEACEAE 284 



Sepals valvate; stamens with united filaments. 



81. MALVACEAE 556 



ft Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. 

 Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. 

 Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 



49. BERBERIDACEAE 315 

 Anther-sacs opening by slits. 



Flowers monoecious. 74. EUPHORBIACEAE 541 



Flowers perfect. 42. PORTULACACEAE 262 



Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or 

 more, sometimes twice as many. 



Stamens 6 or less; petals 4: sepals 2 or 4. 



Sepals 2; endosperm present; flowers irregular; stamens 



diadelphous. 51. FUMARIACEAE 319 



Sepals 4, rarely more; endosperm wanting; flowers 



regular. 

 Capsule 2-celled; stamens tetradynamous, rarely 2 



or 4. 52. BRASSICACEAE 321 



Capsule 1-celled; stamens not tetradynamous. 



53. CAPPARIDACEAE 370 



Stamens, petals, and sepals of the same number, or sta- 

 mens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or 

 petals. 

 Ovary 1-celled. 



Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae. 



Sepals 2; or, if more (in Lewisia), plant scapose, 

 with fleshy basal leaves and the flowers soli- 

 tary on a jointed scape. 



42. PORTULACACEAE 262 

 Sepals 4-5; plants leafy-stemmed. 



Sepals distinct; petals not clawed; ovary 



sessile. 44. ALSINACEAE 268 



Sepals united; petals clawed; ovary more or 

 less distinctly stipitate. 



45. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 280 

 Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae. 



Stamens with united filaments and no stamin- 



odia. 81. MALVACEAE 555 



Stamens with distinct filaments. 

 Staminodia present. 



56. PARNASSIACEAE 375 



