PINE FAMILY 17 



5. P. pungens Engelm. A tree usually 25-30 m. high, occasionally 45 m. 

 high, and a trunk 6-9 dm. thick; bark furrowed and scaly, cinnamon-red; leaves 

 strongly incurved, rigid, acuminate, 2-3 cm. long on the sterile branches, 1-2 

 cm. long on the cone-bearing ones, dull bluish green, often with a silvery bloom; 

 staminate flowers yellow, tinged with red; pistillate ones pale green or purplish; 

 cones usually 7-8 cm. long, oblong. P. Parryana (Andre) Sargent. COLORADO 

 BLUE SPRUCE. Mountains, especially along streams: Wyo. -N.M. -Utah. 

 Mont. 



Family 2. JUNIPER ACE AE. JUNIPER FAMILY. 



Evergreen dioecious or monoecious trees or shrubs. Buds naked. Leaves 

 opposite or whorled, mostly reduced and scale-like, appressed or sometimes 

 subulate and spreading. Perianth wanting. Aments solitary, the pistil- 

 late ones with few carpellary scales. Ovules erect, 1-several under each 

 scale. Cones often with peltate scales, in some genera fleshy. Seeds wing- 

 less or, if winged, the wings formed by a portion of the seed-coat. 



Plants monoecious; cones dry; scales merely imbricate. 1. THUJA. 



Plants mostly dioecious; cones berry-like or drupe-like, with coalescent fleshy scales. 

 Aments axillary; cones with smaller scales at the top; leaves all subulate and 

 spreading. 2. JUNIPERUS. 



Aments terminal; pistillate cones with larger scales at the top; leaves at least of the 

 mature plants scale-like and appressed. 3. SABINA. 



1. THUJA L. ARBOR VITAE, WHITE CEDAR. 



Evergreen monoecious shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, 4-ranked, alter- 

 nately opposite, usually with a gland on the back. Staminate aments terminal, 

 solitary, nearly sessile between the leaves; anthers in 2 or 3 series, stalked; 

 anther-sacs 4; pistillate aments solitary, terminal, ovoid or oblong; scales 2- 

 ranked in several series. Cones oblong "or ovoid, persistent; scales dry and flat. 

 Seeds flat, winged on both sides. 



1. T. plicata D. Don. A tree 45-50 m., sometimes 60 m. high, with a 

 trunk 1-3 m. in diameter; bark bright cinnamon; leaves of the leading shoots 

 ovate, long-pointed, glandular on the back, 6 mm. long, on the lateral branches 

 acute, 3 mm. long, with no or obscure glands; staminate flowers dark brown, 

 3 mm. long; cones reflexed, about 12 mm. long; scales elliptic, 3-4 pairs. T. 

 gigantea Nutt. Bottom lands: Alaska Mont. Ida. n Calif: Submont. Mont. 



2. JUNIPERUS (Tourn.) L. JUNIPER. 



Dioecious or monoecious shrubs or trees. Leaves in whorls of 3, subulate, 

 ascending or spreading, without glands on their back. Staminate aments axil- 

 lary, solitary; pollen-sacs several under each scale. Pistillate ament of 2-3 

 series of fleshy scales; ovules solitary. Cone berry-like. Seeds wingless. 



Low shrub with depressed branches; leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channeled, 

 abruptly acute. 1. J. sibirica. 



Tree or erect shrub; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channeled, gradually 

 acuminate. 2. J. communis. 



1. J. sibirica Burgsd. Shrub seldom 5 dm. high, usually with decumbent 

 branches; bark dark red, scaly; leaves 5-12 cm. long, keeled, dark green below, 

 white above, ascending; fruit dark blue, with a bloom, 7-9 mm. in diameter; 

 seeds 1-3, ovate, acute, angled, about 3 mm. long. /. nana Willd. High 

 mountains or dry open rocky places. Lab. N. Y. Mich. N.M. Calif. 

 Alaska. Subalp. Mont. 



2. J. communis L. An erect shrub or low tree sometimes 7-8 m. high; 

 bark dark red, scaly; leaves spreading, mostly straight, prickly-pointed, keeled, 

 1-2 cm. long, dark green on the lower side, white on the upper; fruit 6-7 mm. 

 in diameter, dark blue, 1-3-seeded; seeds ovate, acute, about 3 mm. long. Dry 

 hills: N.S. N.J. Pa. w Neb. N.M. B.C.; Eurasia. Submont. Plain. 



3. SABINA Haller. RED CEDAR. 



Evergreen monoecious or dioecious shrubs. Leaves alternately opposite or 

 in 3's, scale-like and appressed, or in young plants subulate and more spreading, 



