18 JUNIPERACEAE 



often with a gland on the back. Staminate aments small, solitary or 3-6 together, 

 terminal on the branchlets; pollen-sacs 3-6 under each ovate or shield-like scale. 

 Pistillate aments subglobose, of 2-3 series of fleshy scales. Ovules erect, solitary 

 or sometimes 2 under each scale. Cones berry-like. Seeds 1-4, wingless. 



Fruit reddish-brown or bluish by a bloom, with dry fibrous sweet flesh. 



1. S. utahensis. 



Fruit blue or blue-black, rarely copper-colored, with juicy resinous flesh. 

 Trees or erect shrubs; fruit on straight peduncles. 



Leaves minutely dentate at the apex; fruit 58 mm. in diameter. 



Leaves not glandular or obscurely so; seeds usually 1. 2. S. monosperma. 



Leaves very glandular; seeds 2 or 3. 3. S. occidentalis. 



Leaves entire; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter, usually with more than one seed. 



4. S. scopulorum. 

 Prostrate shrub; fruit on recurved peduncles. 5. S. horizontalis. 



1. S. utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb. A bushy tree, rarely 6 m. high, irregularly 

 branched near the base; bark ashy gray or almost white, scaly; leaves in whorls 

 of 3, or opposite on the mature branches, rhombic in outline, subacute, 2 mm. 

 long, 1 mm. wide, neither glandular nor pitted on the back; fruit copper-colored 

 when ripe, 7-10 mm. thick; seeds ovate, acute or obtusish, grooved. Juniperus 

 utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. J. Knightii A. Nels. Dry hills: Wyo. N.M. 

 Ariz. se Calif. Nev. Submont. Son. 



2. S. monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb. A shrub or much branched tree, up 

 to 15m. high; bark ashy, ridged and scaly; leaves usually in pairs, rarely in 3's, 

 ovate, 1-2 mm. long, thick, with obscure glands or glandless; fruit globose, 56 

 mm. thick, dark blue, with a bloom; seeds broadly ovate, obtuse, angled. J. 

 occidentalis monosperma Engelm. Foot-hills: s Colo. N.M. Ariz. -Utah; n 

 Mex. Son. Submont. 



3. S. occidentalis (Hook.) Heller. A tree 5-10 m., rarely 15-18 m. high, 

 with a trunk 6-10 dm. thick; bark cinnamon-red, fissured and scaly; leaves 

 in 3's, appressed, ovate, acute, rounded and conspicuously glandular on the 

 back, 2 mm. long; berries globose or elliptic, 6-8 mm. long, with thick skin, blue- 

 black, with a bloom; seeds ovate, acute, deeply grooved on the back. J. occi- 

 dentalis Hook. Arid hills and plains: B.C. w"lda. s Calif. Submont. -Mont. 



4. S. scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb. A tree sometimes 10-12 m. high, with 

 rounded crown; bark dark reddish brown or grayish red, fissured and scaly; 

 leaves opposite, appressed, acute or acuminate, with obscure glands on the back, 

 dark green, 1-1.5 mm. long; berry globose, dark blue, with a bloom; seeds 4 mm. 

 long, acute, angled, grooved. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent. Foot-hills and 

 river bluffs: Alta. Tex. Ariz. B.C. Submont. 



6. S. horizontalis (Moench) Rydb. A prostrate shrub, spreading on the 

 ground; horizontal branches sometimes 5 m. long; leaves of the mature branches 

 ovate, opposite, acute, distinctly glandular on the back, 1-1.5 mm. long; berry- 

 like cones on recurved peduncles, globose, 5-7 mm. long, dark blue, with a 

 bloom, 1-3-seeded. J. Sabina procumbens Pursh. On banks and hillsides: 

 N.S. Me. n N.Y. Minn. Wyo. B.C. MonL Submont. 



Family 3. TAXACEAE. YEW FAMILY. 



Evergreen monoecious or dioecious trees or shrubs. Buds scaly. Leaves 

 spirally arranged, but usually 2-ranked, spreading, in ours simple and linear. 

 Staminate flowers usually in crowded aments, in ours axillary; pollen-sacs 

 opening longitudinally. Pistillate flowers solitary. Ovules solitary, ortho- 

 tropous, sessile, without carpellary scale. Fruit berry-like; seed nearly 

 enclosed by the pulpy aril or naked; seed-coats woody or bony. Endo- 

 sperm fleshy or mealy. Cotyledons 2. 



1. TAXUS (Tourn.) L. YEW. 



Usually dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves linear, 2-ranked and 

 spreading. Staminate Aments short-stalked, subtended by several imbricate 



