GRASS FAMILY 85 



Lemma (without the awns) 5-8 mm. long; plant usually over 3 dm. 



high. 

 Old sheaths of the innovations brown and papery. 



8. F. calligera. 

 Old sheaths of the innovations neither brown nor papery. 



Basal leaf-sheaths short, remaining involute in age; blades 



of stem-leaves rarely 8 cm. long. 



Awn short, less than half as long as the lemma; inflores- 

 cence dense and narrow. 9. F. saxim.ontana. 

 Awn long, from nearly equalling to much exceeding the 



lemma; inflorescence open. 

 Awn little if at all exceeding the lemma in length; 



ovary glabrous. 



Leaves scabrous. 10. F. ingrata. 



Leaves smooth. 11. F. idahoensis. 



AAvn much exceeding the lemma; ovary hispidulous 



at the apex. 12. F. occidentalis. 



Basal sheaths long and becoming flattened in age, often 1 

 dm. long; blades of the stm-leaves over 1 dm. long. 



13. F. arizonica. 

 Pulvini at the bases of the branches of the panicle rather conspicuous; 



tufts separable with difficulty. 14. F. viridula. 



Body of the lemma 8-12 mm. long; leaf-blades soon breaking off from the 



sheath; palet notched at the apex; bunch-grasses. 

 Branches of the panicle spreading or reflexed; spikelets shining; leaves 



smooth beneath. 15. F. altaica. 



Branches of the panicle erect or ascending; spikelets rather dull; leaves 



very scabrous. 



Plant 5-15 dm. high; basal sheaths long, loose, in age more or less 

 flattened; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; second 

 glume shorter than the spikelet. 16. F. campestris. 



Plant 3-5 dm. high; basal sheaths usually short and close even in 

 age; empty glumes acute, lanceolate; second glume about equal- 

 ling the spikelet/. 17. F. scabrella. 

 Ligules elongate, 4-9 mm. long, acute. 18. F. Thurberi. 

 Leaf-blades all flat, 4 mm. wide or more; perennials with rootstocks. 



Lemma abruptly acute, not at all keeled. 19. F. elatior. 



Lemma awned or awn-pointed, keeled at least above the middle. 

 Awn or awn-point shorter than the lemma. 



Lemma distinctly 5-nerved; awn from the cleft apex; panicle ciliate. 



20. F. dasyclada. 

 Lemma with indistinct intermediate nerves; awn terminal: panicle not 



ciliate. 21. F. sororia. 



Awn longer than the lemma. 22. F. subulala. 



Annuals; stamens usually solitary. 



Spikelets 5-13-flowered; both glumes subulate. 23. F. octo flora. 



Spikelets loosely 1-5-flowered; first glume subulate, the second lanceolate. 



Branches of the shofrt panicle normally divergent, a pulvinus at the base of at 



least one of them. 

 Spikelets usually 3-5-flowered, only the main branches of the inflorescence 



divergent. 24. F. pacifica. 



Spikelets usually 1-3-flowered; all branches divergent or reflexed. 



25. F. reflexa. 

 Branches of the elongated narrow panicle erect and appressed. 



26. F. megalura. 



1. F. Kitaibeliana Schultes. Stem 2-5 dm. high; blades of stem-leaves 

 flat, 3-12 cm. long; inflorescence narrow, often secund; spikelets 8-12 mm. long, 

 5-9-flowered; empty glumes unequal, 2-4 mm. long, lanceolate, glabrous; lemma 

 narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; awn scabrous, 2-4 mm. long. Hills and 

 mountain sides: Greenl. N.B. Wyo. Ore. Alaska; Eurasia. Submont. 

 Je-Au . 



2. F. rubra L. Stem 3-10 dm. high; blades soft, green or (in var. glaucoidea 

 Piper) more*or less glaucous; panicle 5-20 cm. long, often narrow; spikelets 4-6- 

 flowered, 7-8 mm. long, green or more or less glaucous, often purple-tinged; 

 lemma 5-7 mm. long, lanceolate; awn scabrous, 1-4 mm. long. Hills: Greenl. 

 Va. Colo. Alaska; Eurasia. Submont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



3. F. vallicola Rydb. Stem 4-10 dm. high, slender, light-colored, smooth 

 and shining; leaf-blades all filiform, 5-10 cm. long; panicle narrow, about 5 cm. 

 long; spikelets 4-7-flowered, 8-10 mm. long; lemma about 5 mm. long, lanceo- 

 late, indistinctly 5-7-nerved, smooth or minutely scabrous; awn 2-4 mm. long. 

 Meadows: Mont. Wyo. Submont. Jl-Au. 



4. F. Earlei Rydb. Stem about 3 dm. high, very slender; basal leaf -blades 

 5-10 cm. long, strongly involute, 0.5 mm. wide or less; stem-leaves 3-5 cm. long, 



