SEDGE FAMILY 123 



22. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Culms 3-9 dm. high, very rough above, exceeding 

 the leaves; leaf -blades long-tapering, 2-5 mm. wide; head 2-12 cm. long, with 

 very many small spikes; pistillate scales strongly awned; perigynia yellowish at 

 maturity, 2-3 mm. long, the beak about the length of the body. Swampy places 

 N.B.Fla. Tex. Colo. Ore. B.C. Plains. Je-Au. 



12. PANICULATAE Kunth. Densely or loosely cespitose. Culms not flat- 

 tened. Opaque part of sheaths strongly red-dotted. Spikes numerous, small, 

 androgynous or pistillate, but never gynaecandrous, the lower compound or 

 decompound. Bracts usually inconspicuous. Perigynia thick, strongly convex on 

 the dorsal, and often somewhat convex on the ventral face, brownish or chestnut 

 in age, ascending or spreading, coriaceous, spongy at base, stipitate, narrowly 

 margined, more or less nerved, conspicuously rough-beaked, the beak bidentate. 

 Achenes lenticular. Style-base more or less thickened. Stigmas 2. 



23. C. diandra Schrank. Culms slender, sharply triangular, loosely cespi- 

 tose, 3-7 dm. high; leaf-blades 1.25 mm. wide; head 2.5-5 cm. long, somewhat 

 compound; the lower spikes more or less separated; scales acute, brownish, with 

 lighter midvein and hyaline margins; perigynia somewhat biconvex, dark chest- 

 nut, shining, nerveless on inner face, spreading at maturity. Wet meadows: 

 N.S. Pa. Colo. B.C. Alaska; Eurasia. Mont Bar. My-Jl. 



24. C. prairea Dewey. Culms sharply triangular, 5-10 dm. high; leaf- 

 blades with slightly revolute margins; head 4-8 cm. long, decompound, the lower 

 3-5 branches separated; scales acute or acuminate, light brown, with broad 

 light-colored center and hyaline margins; perigynia 1.25 mm. wide, nerveless, or 

 lightly nerved on inner face, ascending, plano-convex or nearly so, reddish brown, 

 dull, the beak serrulate. Wet meadows: Que. N.J. la. -Sask. Boreal. 

 My-Jl. 



25. C. Cusickii Mackenzie. Culms sharply triangular, 7-12 dm. high; leaf- 

 blades with slightly revolute margins; head 4-8 cm. long, decompound, the lower 

 branches separated; scales chestnut brown, with lighter midvein and hyaline 

 margins; perigynia 1.5 mm. wide, lightly nerved at base on the inner face, some- 

 what biconvex, spreading in age, brownish black, dull, the beak setulose-serrulate. 

 C. teretiuscula var. ampla Bailey. Wet meadows: B.C. Mont. Calif. Sub- 

 mont. My-S. 



13. STENORHYNCHAE Holm. Densely cespitose or with more or less elongated 

 rootstocks. Culms triangular or somewhat flattened. Opaque part of sheaths 

 usually transversely rugulose or red-dotted. Spikes few to many, androgynous 

 to pistillate, but never gynaecandrous, the lower from simple to compound. 

 Bracts little developed. Perigynia plano-convex, yellowish or yellowish brown, 

 appressed-ascending to spreading, not thick-walled, but strongly spongy at base, 

 stipitate, strongly many-nerved, the margins nearly obsolete on the lower half, 

 conspicuously beaked, the beak bidentate. Achenes lenticular. Style-base 

 more or less thickened. Stigmas 2. 



26. C. J9nesii Bailey. Culms 2-4 dm. high, slender, very rough above, 

 densely cespitose from elongated rootstocks; leaves clustered near base, the 

 blades 1-2 mm. wide; opaque part of sheath white, not cross-rugulose, truncate 

 at mouth; spikes in a dense ovoid head 8-12 mm. long; scales brown with incon- 

 spicuous midvein, exceeding the perigynia; perigynia 3.5 mm. long, the beak 

 nearly smooth. High mountains: Mont. Wyo. Calif. Wash. Submont. 

 Mont. Jl-Au. 



27. C. nervina Bailey. Culms 5-6 dm. high, stout, little roughened above, 

 densely cespitose from short elongated rootstocks, strongly aphyllopodic ; leaf- 

 blades clustered on the lower fourth of stem, 3.5 mm. wide; opaque part of sheath 

 olive-tinged, becoming cross-rugulose, rounded at the mouth; spikes in a dense 

 ovoid or oblong head, 15-24 mm. long; scales as in the last; perigynia 4 mm. long, 

 the beak slightly serrulate. High mountains: Wyo. Calif. Wash. Jl-Au. 



28. C. stipata Muhl. Culms 3-10 dm. high, strongly serrulate above, 

 growing in dense clumps; leaf-blades 4-8 mm. wide, the opaque part of sheaths 



