SEDGE FAMILY 127 



lanceolate, 4.5-6.5 mm. long, narrowly winged, round-tapering at the base 

 nearly nerveless on inner face, tapering to a short hyaline-tipped beak. C. 

 pratensis Drejer. Meadows and open woods: Greenl. Me. Colo. Calif. 

 Alaska. Submont. Mont. Boreal. Je-Au. 



62. C. Piperi Mackenzie. Culms slender, 3-8 dm. high, roughened beneath 

 head; leaf -blades 2-3.5 mm. wide; spikes 3-9, elliptic, 10-18 mm. long, 5-6 mm. 

 wide; scales ovate, chestnut-brown with lighter center and narrow hyaline mar- 

 gins, shining; perigynia 8-15, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, 1.75 

 mm. wide, narrowly winged, round-tapering at base, nearly nerveless on inner 

 face, contracted into the hyaline-tipped beak, 1.5 mm. long. C.furva (Bailey) 

 Howell. Damp meadows: Alta. -Wyo. -Ore. B.C. Submont. Mont Je- 

 Au. 



53. C. microptera Mackenzie. Culms 3-10 dm. high, smooth or roughened 

 beneath the head; leaf -blades 2-6 mm. wide; spikes 5-20, densely aggregate into 

 a subglobose to oblong-ovoid head, the spikes ovoid, 5-8 mm. long, 4-6 mm. 

 wide; scales ovate-lanceolate, sharp-pointed, brown with light midvein; peri- 

 gynia ascending, 15-30, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, nerved 

 ventrally, very narrowly winged, tapering into a beak one-third the length of the 

 whole. Mountains: Alta. -Wyo. Ore. -Wash. Submont. Mont. Je-Au. 



54. C. festivella Mackenzie. Culms rather stout, 2-7 dm. high, roughened 

 above; leaf -blades 2.5-4 mm. wide; spikes 3-8, densely aggregate, ovoid- 

 orbicular, 5-9 mm. long, 4-8 mm. wide; scales ovate, dark reddish brown with 

 narrow hyaline margins; perigynia numerous, appressed, 3.5-5 mm. long, 1.75- 

 2.75 mm. wide, ovate, lightly nerved on the inner face, rounded at the base, 

 narrowed into a beak one-third the length of the body. C. festiva authors, as 

 to Rocky Mt. plant. Meadows and mountain sides: Alta. N.M Ariz. Nev. 

 B.C. Submont. Mont. Je-Au. 



55. C. nubicola Mackenzie. Culms 12-35 cm. high, nearly smooth; leaf- 

 blades 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 4-7, densely aggregate, ovoid or subglobose, 

 5-9 mm. long, 4.5-8 mm. wide; scales ovate, acute, blackish with a light center 

 and nearly obsolete hyaline margins; perigynia 15-30, 4.5-5 mm. long, 2-2.75 

 mm. wide, ovate, rounded at the base, abruptly beaked, the beak half the length 

 of the body. C. Haydeniana Olney. C. festiva var. decumbens Holm. Mountain 

 sides: Alta. Colo. Nev. Ore. Mont.Alp. Jl-S. 



56. C. ebenea Rydb. Culms 2-5 dm. high, little roughened; leaf -blades 

 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 5-10, densely aggregate, ovoid-oblong, 7-12 mm. long, 

 6 mm. wide; scales lance-ovate, acute, brownish black with nearly obsolete 

 hyaline margins; perigynia appressed, numerous, 5-7 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, 

 lanceolate, round-tapering at the base, narrowed into a beak about 2 mm. long. 

 Mountain meadows: Wyo. -N.M. Ariz. -Utah. Mont. Alp. Je-Au. 



57. C. pachystachya Cham. Culms rather slender, 3-8 dm. high, nearly 

 smooth; leaf -blades 2-4 mm. wide; spikes 4-8, densely aggregate, ovoid or 

 subglobose, 5-8 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; scales ovate, reddish, with very 

 narrow hyaline margins; perigynia 10-30, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1.5-2.25 mm. wide, 

 ovate, nerveless on the inner face, rounded at base, contracted into a beak half 

 the length of the body. Mountains: Alaska -Alta. Colo. Ore. Submont. 

 Mont. My-Au. 



58. C. Preslii Steud. Culms 2.5-7.5 dm. high, rough beneath head; leaf- 

 blades 1.5-4 mm. wide; spikes 3-8, well-defined, aggregate or the lower separate, 

 5-8 mm. long, slightly narrower, rounded at apex, rounded at the base, the term- 

 inal one tapering; scales ovate, reddish brown with green midvein and narrow 

 margins; perigynia 10-25, ovate, thick, 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obscurely 

 nerved, rounded at base, abruptly beaked, the beak 1 mm. long. C. festiva var. 

 gradlis Olney. C. multimoda Bailey. Mountains: B.C. Mont. Calif. Mont. 

 Subalp. My-S. 



17. CANESCENTES Fries. Cespitose, but in some species with slender stolons. 

 Culms triangular. Sheaths not cross-rugulose. Spikes 1-10, with few to many 

 perigynia, the terminal gynaecandious, the lateral pistillate or gynaecandious, 



