SEDGE FAMILY 133 



93. C. livida (Wahl.) Willd. Culms 1.5-5 dm. high; leaf-blades 2 mm. wide 

 or less; pistillate spikes closely 5-15-flowered; perigynia 3.75 mm. long, 1.75 mm. 

 wide, faintly nerved, narrowed above, exceeding the scales. Sphagnum bogs' 

 Lab. N.J. Mich. Calif. B.C. Alaska. Boreal My-Jl. 



94. C. tetanica Schk. Rootstocks elongate, deep-seated, slender; culms 

 1.5-6 dm. high, slender; culm-leaves usually 3-5, 2-3.5 mm. wide; staminate 

 spike long-stalked; pistillate spikes 1-3, linear, 6y20-flowered, distant, erect or 

 the lower filiform-stalked and drooping; perigynia 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 

 obtusely triangular, prominently many-nerved, abruptly minutely beaked; 

 scales usually shorter than the perigynia, obtuse or mucronate. Meadows and 

 wet woods: Mass. D. C. Mo. Sask. Plain. 



95. C. Meadii Dewey. Resembling the last, but stouter; culms 2-5 dm. 

 high; culm-leaves usually 6-10, 3-7 mm. wide; staminate spike long-stalked; 

 pistillate spikes 1-3, oblong, densely 8-30-flowered, distant, erect, the lower 

 long-stalked; perigynia more than 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obtusely triangular, 

 prominently many-nerved, tipped with a minute slightly bent beak; scales obtuse 

 to cuspidate. Meadows and prairies: N.J. Ga. Neb. Sask. Plain. 



96. C. vaginata Tausch. Culms 1.5-8 dm. high, weak; leaf-blades 2-5 

 mm. wide; pistillate spikes loosely 3-20-flowered ; perigynia 4 mm. long, nearly 

 2 mm. wide, faintly nerved, the orifice purplish tinged, 2-toothed; scales purplish 

 tinged, exceeded by the perigynia. Boggy woods: Lab. N.Y. Minn. B.C. 

 Alaska. Mont. Boreal. Je-Au. 



31. LAXIFLORAE Kunth. Cespitose. Fertile culms mostly lateral, the sterile 

 shoots leafy, conspicuous. Basal sheaths brownish- or purplish-tinged. Ter- 

 minal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes 2-5, pistillate or androgynous, 

 loosely to closely few-many-flowered, in few-several ranks, on erect to drooping, 

 included or exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, the sheaths green or purplish- 

 tinged, the blades leaf-like or sometimes reduced. Scales green with hyaline 

 margins or more or less colored. Perigynia ascending, membranaceous, tri- 

 angular, usually nerved, closely enveloping the achene, glabrous or hispidulous, 

 tapering at the base, short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. Achenes tri- 

 angular. Style-base slender, continuous with the achene. Stigmas 3. 



97. C. blanda Dewey. Calms 1.5-6 dm. high, pale green, brownish at base; 

 sterile shoots developing conspicuous culms; leaf-blades 3-14 mm. wide, the 

 sheaths with much crisped margins; staminate spike short-stalked or sessile, 

 the scales rarely reddish brown tinged; pistillate spikes 2-4, oblong or linear- 

 oblong, rather closely 8-25-flowered, the upper two contiguous, sessile or nearly 

 so, the lower distant and stalked; perigynia obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, strongly 

 nerved, contracted into a short, stout, outwardly bent beak; scales with broad 

 white scarious margins, the lower strongly awned. Me. Va. Ark. w S.D. 

 Plain. My-Jl. 



32. GRANULARES Bailey. Culms central, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. 

 Basal sheaths brownish. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes 2-4, 

 pistillate, closely many-flowered in several ranks, erect, on more or less strongly 

 exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-auricled, the blades 

 leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed, slightly ferruginous. Perigynia ascending, 

 elliptic to ovoid, membranaceous, glabrous, with many elevated nerves, sub- 

 orbicular in cross-section, loosely enveloping the achene, rounded at the base, 

 short-tapering and minutely beaked, the orifice entire or sab-emargjnate. Achenes 

 triangular, strongly apiculate, jointed with the slender style. Stigmas 3, short. 



98. C. Shriveri Britton. Culms 1.5-7 dm. high; leaf-blades 4-16 mm. 

 wide, somewhat glaucous; staminate spike short-stalked; bracts overtopping 

 the culms, the ligules little elongated; perigynia narrowly obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 

 1.5 mm. wide, the beak minute, entire; apiculation of the achene abruptly bent. 

 Moist meadows: Me. Va. w S.D. Sask. Boreal. Je-Jl. 



99. C. Crawei Dewey. Culms from long creeping rootstocks, stiff, glabrous 

 or nearly so, 0.7-4 dm. high; leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide, rather stiff; bracts similar, 



