134 CYPERACEAE 



short, rarely overtopping the spikes; staminate spike long-stalked; pistillate 

 spikes 1-4, distant, oblong, 10-45-flowered, sessile or stalked; perigynia ovoid, 

 ascending, obscurely many-nerved, 3-3.5 mm. long, suborbicular in cross-sec- 

 tion, rounded at the base, tapering into a very short beak; scales obovate, obtuse 

 to cuspidate. Meadows and banks, limestone regions: N.S. N.J. Tenn. 

 Wyo. Alta. My-Jl. 



33. DEBILES Carey. Culms aphyllopodic, strongly purplish tinged at base, 

 tufted, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. Terminal spike normally staminate. 

 Lateral spikes 2-5, elongated, narrowly linear, slender-peduncled, the lower 

 drooping. Bracts green-sheathing, the blades leaf-like. Perigynia appressed or 

 ascending, lanceolate to ovoid, membranaceous, obsoletely nerved, rather 

 closely enveloping the achene, tapering to a well-developed conic beak, obliquely 

 cut at orifice and strongly hyaline-tipped, at length bidentate. Achenes tri- 

 angular, apiculate, jointed with the slender style. Stigmas 3. 



100. C. assiniboinensis W. Boott. Culms 2.5-7.5 dm. high; leaf-blades 

 1-2 mm. wide; staminate spike long-stalked; pistillate spikes loosely 1-8-flowered ; 

 perigynia narrowly lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; scales lanceolate, scarious- 

 margined, awned. Wet soil: Man. Minn. S.D. N.D., doubtfully in our 

 range. Plain. Je. 



34. CAPILLARES Aschers & Graebner. Culms phyllopodic, light brown and 

 leafy at base, tufted, very slender. Blades narrow. Terminal spike staminate. 

 Lateral spikes 2-4, linear, drooping on long capillary peduncles, few-flowered in 

 few ranks. Bracts green-sheathing, the blades developed. Perigynia appressed, 

 ovoid, membranaceous, triangular, closely enveloping the achene, tapering into 

 the slender conic beak, truncate and entire at orifice. Achene triangular, short- 

 apiculate, jointed with the slender style. Stigmas 3. 



101. C. capillaris L. Culms 0.5-6 dm. high, obtusely triangular, smooth; 

 leaf -blades flat, 1-2 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 2-12-flowered; scales broadly 

 hyaline-margined; perigynia 2.5-3 mm. long, the beak straight. Greenl. N.H. 

 Mich. Colo. Utah. Nev. Alaska; Eurasia. Alp. -Subalp. Jl-Au. 



35. LONGIROSTRES Kukenth. Culms phyllopodic, tufted, leafy towards 

 the base. Blades flat. Terminal spike staminate. Lateral spikes 2-5, linear- 

 oblong or oblong-cylindric, peduncled, many-flowered in several ranks. Bracts 

 green-sheathing, the blades developed. Perigynia appressed to spreading, 

 membranaceous, globose-triangular, somewhat inflated, prominently beaked, 

 the apex bidentate, the teeth weak, scarious. Achenes triangular, apiculate, 

 the apiculation very abruptly bent, jointed with the slender style. Stigmas 3. 



102. C. Sprengelii Dewey. Culms 2.5-9 dm. high, roughish above, strongly 

 fibrillose at the base: leaf -blades 2.5-4 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 10-40-flowered; 

 scales acute to cuspidate; body of the perigynia 2.5-3 mm. long, short-oblong, 

 exceeded by the slender beak. C. longirostris Torr. Alluvial banks: N.B. 

 N.J. Colo. Alta. Plain Submont. My-Jl. 



36. FRIGIDAE Fries. Culms phyllopodic, tufted, the leaves clustered near 

 the base. Spikes staminate, pistillate, androgynous or gynaecandrous. Bracts 

 green-sheathing, the blades developed or rudimentary. Scales dark tinged, 

 usually with light mid vein and margins. Perigynia appressed or ascending, 

 flat to flattened-triangular, not inflated, dark tinged, beaked, the beak hyaline 

 at orifice, more or less bidentate. Achenes triangular, short apiculate, jointed 

 with the straight slender style. Stigmas 3. 



103. C. misandra R. Br. Culms 3-40 cm. high; leaf -blades 2-3 mm. wide, 

 much shorter than the culms; sheaths purplish tinged, the blades short; lateral 

 spikes 1-3, filiform-stalked, drooping, 6-14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, closely 5-20- 

 flowered; scales blackish, with narrow hyaline margins; perigynia lanceolate, 

 narrowed at both ends, serrulate above. High summits or arctic regions : Greenl. 

 Ont. -Alaska; Colo.; arctic Eurasia. Arct. Alp. Jl-S. 



104. C. luzulina Olney. Culms densely cespitose, 1.5-7.5 dm. high; leaves 

 in a basal rosette, the blades soon spreading, 3-7 mm. wide, stiff; spikes 3-6, the 



