136 CYPERACEAE 



110. C. limosa L. Culms 1.5-6 dm. high, sharply triangular; pistillate 

 spikes 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-8 mm. thick, 8-30-flowered ; scales acute or short-cuspi- 

 date; perigynia broadly ovate, flattened, 2-edged, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 

 several-nerved. Sphagnum bogs: Lab. N.J. la. Mont. Wash. Alaska; 

 Eurasia. Boreal Mont. My-Au. 



111. C. paupercula Michx. Culms 1-8 dm. high, sharply triangular; 

 pistillate spikes 0.5-2 cm. long, 4-8 mm. thick, 6-25-flowered; scales long-acumin- 

 ate or awned; perigynia subglobose, 2.5-3 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide, few- 

 nerved. C. magellanica Am. auth. Sphagnum bogs: Newf. Pa. Minn. Colo, 

 Utah Alaska; Eurasia. Submont. Mont. Au. 



112. C. Buxbaumii Wahl. Densely cespitose; culms 2-9 dm. high, slender 

 but stiff, strongly reddish-purple at base; leaf -blades 2-4 mm. wide; spikes 8-40 

 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, the perigynia numerous, 3-4 mm. long, glaucous-green, 

 lightly many-nerved, the apex minutely bidentate; scales awned, exceeding the 

 perigynia. C. Holmiana Mackenzie. Bogs: Greenl. Ga. Ark. Colo. Calif. 

 'Alaska; Eurasia. Mont. Submont. My-Jl. 



40. ATRATAR Kunth. Culms leafy below. Terminal spike staminate or 

 gynaecandrous, the lateral 1-10, normally pistillate, from sessile, erect, and 

 closely approximate, to long-peduncled, nodding, and distant. Bracts sheathless 

 or nearly so, dark-colored at the base, the blades short. Scales dark-tinged. 

 Perigynia membranaceous, straw-colored, often dark-tinged, elliptic to broadly 

 obovate, circular in cross-section to much flattened, papillose to puncticulate, 

 glabrous, abruptly short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire or bidentate. 

 Achenes triangular, the style slender, straight, often exserted, its base not en- 

 larged. Stigmas 3. 



113. C. Parryana Dewey. Stoloniferous, the culms 1-3.5 cm. high, fibril- 

 lose at the base; leaf -blades 2.5-4 mm. wide; spikes 1-5, often all pistillate, or the 

 terminal staminate below or throughout, the lateral oblong or linear-oblong, 

 erect, approximate; scales obtuse to mucronate, concealing the perigynia; peri- 

 gynia 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, flattened and sharp-edged, lightly few-nerved, 

 the beak minute, bidenticulate. C. Elrodi M. E. Jones. Mountain meadows: 

 Hudson Bay N.D. Colo. Alta. Plain Mont. My-Jl. 



114. C. idahoa Bailey. Culms 2-3.5 dm. high, fibrillose at the base; leaf- 

 blades 2-4 mm. wide, flat; spikes usually 3, approximate, erect, the terminal 

 staminate above, the lateral pistillate, 1-2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; scales ovate 

 to lanceolate, acuminate, concealing the perigynia; perigynia 3 mm. long, 2 mm. 

 wide, faintly nerved, the beak 1 mm. long, bidenticulate. Mountain meadows: 

 Mont. Ida. Mont. Jl. 



115. C. podocarpa R. Br. Culms aphyllopodic, triangular, slender, nearly 

 smooth, 2-4 dm. high, from elongated tough rootstocks; leaf-blades 2-4 mm. 

 wide; pistillate spikes 2-4, drooping, oblong or linear-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 4.5-6 

 mm. wide, closely 15-30-flowered; perigynia ovate, flat, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; 

 achene stipitate. C. montanensis Bailey. Mountain sides and meadows : Alaska 

 Alta. Mont. Ida. Mont. Subalp. Jl-Au. 



116. C. venustula Holm. Culms sharply triangular, slender, nearly 

 smooth, 2-5 dm. high, from stout rootstocks; leaf -blades erect-ascending, 2-4 

 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 1-3, drooping, oblong or linear-oblong, 0.5-2 cm. 

 long, 4.5-7.5 mm. wide, closely 10-30-flowered ; perigynia oblong-elliptic, flat, 

 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, sub-stipitate, exceeding the scales; achene short-stipi- 

 tate. Mountains: Alta. Alaska. Subalp. Jl-Au. 



117. C. spectabilis Dewey. Culms aphyllopodic, sharply triangular, 

 2.5-5 dm. high, from densely matted tough rootstocks; leaf -blades 2-3.5 mm. 

 wide; pistillate spikes 2-4, oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 3.5-5 mm. wide, closely 15-30- 

 flowered; perigynia flat, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; achene short-stipitate. C. 

 nigella Boott. C. invisa Bailey. Mountains and meadows: Alaska Mont. 

 Calif. Mont Alp. Jl-S. 



118. C. Tolmiei Boott. Culms phyllopodic, sharply triangular, rough 

 above, 2.5-5 dm. high, from densely matted tough rootstocks; leaf-blades 2.5- 



