LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY 167 



Pedicels long, the lower often 2-3 times as long as the flowers or the fruit 

 Raceme strict; pedicels strongly ascending; leaves narrowly lanceolate. 



long-attenuate. 6. V. liliacea. 



Raceme zigzag; pedicels spreading; leaves broadly lanceolate, usually 



abruptly acuminate. 7. v. sessilifolia 



Leaves 2-4, sheathing the low stem. 8. V. trifolia. 



1. V. brachypetala Rydb. Stem stout, 5-8 dm. high, striate, puberulent; 

 leaves subsessile or short-petioled, oval or ovate, 8-18 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, 

 often short-acuminate and twisted at the apex; panicle rather dense; petals and 

 sepals oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long; style about 0.5 mm. long; berry about 4 mm. in 

 diameter. Hillsides: B.C. Wash. Ida. Submont. Mont. My-Je. 



2. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. Stem somewhat angled, finely puberulent 

 above, 3-9 dm. high; blades elliptic or oval, 7-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, finely 

 puberulent beneath; sepals and petals oblong, 2 mm. long or more; berry 5-6 

 mm. thick. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Woods and thickets: NS Ga 

 Colo. B.C. Plain Submont. My-Jl. 



3. V. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Morong. Stem 3-7 dm. high; blades ovate to 

 lanceolate, acute, puberulent, 6-15 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide; sepals and petals 

 oblong, about 2 mm. long; filaments lanceolate-subulate; berry light red, dotted 

 with purple, 5-6 mm. thick. S. amplexicaulis Nutt. Hillsides and woods: B.C. 

 Calif. N.M. Alta. Submont. Mont. My-Jl. 



4. V. leptopetala Rydb. Stem 2-3 dm. high, erect, strict or the upper 

 portion somewhat zigzag, striate and pale; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 cm. 

 long, 1-2 cm. wide, light green, sessile, long-acute; raceme 3-6-flowered; pedicels 

 5-8 mm. long; petals and sepals about 4 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide, 

 very thin, white. Canons: Colo. Mont. 



6. V. stellata (L.) Morong. Stem glabrous, 2-5 dm. high, strict; leaves 

 sessile, minutely puberulent beneath, 5-13 cm. long; sepals and petals 3-5 mm. 

 long; berry green, with 6 black stripes, turning black, 6-10 mm. thick. S. stel- 

 lata (L.) Desf. In moist soil, meadows or copses: Newf. Va. Colo. Alta. 

 Submont. Subalp. My-Jl. 



6. V. liliacea (Greene) Rydb. Stem tall and strict throughout, 3-10 dm. 

 high; leaves sessile, glabrous, 7-20 cm. long; raceme 4-10 cm. long, 3-10-flowered; 

 sepals and petals oblong, obtuse, 5-7 mm. long; style about 1 mm. long; berry 

 purplish, 7-10 mm. thick. Unifolium liliaceum Greene. Wooded hills and 

 shady places: B.C. Calif. N.M. Mont. Submont. Mont. My-Je. 



7. V. sessilifolia (Nutt.) Greene. Stem 2-4 dm. high, more or less flexuose 

 above; leaves sessile, 0.5-10 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; raceme 3-7 cm. long; 

 sepals and petals linear-oblong, obtuse, about 6 mm. long; style about 1 mm. 

 long; berry red or purple, 8-10 mm. in diameter. S. sessilifolia Nutt. Woods: 

 Yukon Calif. Wyo. Mont. Submont. Je-Jl. 



8. V. trifolia (L.) Morong. Stem slender, 0.5-4 dm. high; leaves sessile, 

 oval, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, with sheathing bases, acute or acuminate; 

 raceme few-flowered, strict; sepals and petals oblong or oblong-lanceolate, ob- 

 tuse, about 3 mm. long; berry dark red, 5-6 mm. in diameter. V. pumila Standl., 

 a small form with rather short style. In bogs and wet woods: Lab. N.J. 

 Minn. Mack. Boreal Mont. My-Je. 



2. UNIFOLIUM Adans. TWO-LEAVED SOLOMON'S SEAL. 



Caulescent herbs, with slender rootstocks. Leaves mostly 2 or 3, with broad, 

 several-nerved blades. Inflorescence terminal, racemose. Sepals and petals 

 white, similar, each 2, distinct, spreading. Stamens 4, hypogynous; filaments 

 narrowly linear; anthers versatile, introrse. Ovary 2-celled; stigmas 2; ovules 

 2 in each cavity. Fruit a subglobose pulpy berry; seeds 1 or 2. [Maianthemum 

 Wigg.] 



Leaves subsessile; blades cordate-clasping, with shallow and narrow sinuses. 



1. U. cqnadense. 

 Stem-leaves distinctly petioled; blades with deep and open sinuses. 2. U. dilatatum. 



