LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY 169 



2. D. oreganum (S. Wats.) W. Miller. Stem 3-6 dm. high, with ascending 

 branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or less short-villous when young, 5-10 

 cm. long, long-acuminate; perianth campanulate, yellow, 10-15 mm. 'long- 

 fruit obovoid, 10-12 mm. long. P. oreganus S. Wats. Canons and river banks' 

 B.C. Mont. Calif. Ida. Submont. My-Je. 



6. POLYGONATUM (Tourn.) Hill. SOLOMON'S SEAL. 



Caulescent perennial herbs, with jointed roqtstocks. Leaves in our species 

 broad, many-nerved, sessile. Flowers in axillary 1-few-flowered racemes. 

 Petals and sepals each 3, partly united, the free portion shorter than the tube, 

 greenish or pinkish. Stamens 6, included; filaments partly adnate to the peri- 

 anth-tube; anthers sagittate, introrse. Ovary 3-celled; stigma mostly capi- 

 tate; ovules 2-6 in each cavity. Berry subglobose, dark blue or black. Seeds 

 with a horny endosperm. [Salomonia Heist.] 



1. P. commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr. Stem 3-25 dm. high, glabrous; 

 leaves ovate or oblong, partly clasping, 5-15 cm. long; peduncles 1-8-flowered; 

 perianth white or greenish, 1-2 cm. long, drooping; filaments glabrous, adnate 

 to the perianth about half its length; berries 8-12 mm. thick, subglobose. P. 

 giganteum Dietr. S. commutata Farwell. In woods: Ont. Ga. N.M. Utah 

 Man. Plain Submont. Je. 



7. CLINTONIA Raf. 



Subacaulescent perennial, with creeping rootstocks. Leaves basal or nearly 

 so, broad, many-nerved. Flowers in terminal umbels, on an almost leafless 

 scape, or in our species the umbel reduced to 1 or 2 flowers. Petals and sepals 

 each 3, similar, petaloid, distinct. Stamens 6; filaments filiform; anthers versa- 

 tile. Ovary 2- or 3-celled; style slender; stigma 2- or 3-lobed. Berry ovoid, 

 thin. 



1. C. uniflora (Schult.) Kunth. Sparingly villous; leaves 2-5, oblanceo- 

 late, 1-2 dm. long, 3-5 cm. broad; scape shorter than the leaves; flowers 1 or 2, 

 white, campanulate, 18-22 mm. long, villous; sepals and petals oblanceolate, 

 9-11-nerved; fruit about 1 cm. long, 6-10-seeded. Woods: Alaska Mont. 

 Calif. Mont. Je-Au. 



Family 23. DRACAENACEAE. YUCCA FAMILY. 



Shrubby plants or trees, with woody trunks or caudices, very leafy at 

 the apex. Leaves narrow, rigid, often with marginal filaments or finely 

 toothed. Flowers mostly perfect, or polygamo-dioecious, racemose or 

 paniculate. Petals and sepals 3, similar. Stamens 6. Gynoecium of 3 

 united carpels. Ovary superior, 3-celled; styles very short, united or obso- 

 lete. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, or fleshy and indehiscent. 



Flowers perfect, large; ovary many-ovuled and fruit many-seeded. 



Styles evident; petals and sepals thin, petaloid, spreading in anthesis. 



1. YUCCA. 



Styles wanting; petals and sepals thick, inflexed. 2. CLISTOYUCCA. 



Flowers polygamo-dioecious; ovules 2 in each cell, but capsule often 1-seeded. 



3. NOLINA. 



1. YUCCA (Rupp.) L. YUCCA, SPANISH BAYONET, SOAP-WEED, 

 SOAP-ROOT, GRASS CACTUS. 



Coarse plants, with woody trunks or caudices. Leaves firm, narrow, rigidly 

 pointed, commonly with thread-like fibers along the edges, or serrulate or entire- 

 margined. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, drooping. Sepals and petals 

 each 3, distinct or slightly united at the base, usually white. Stames 6, hypogy- 

 nous; filaments enlarged above. Ovary 3-celled or imperfectly 6-celled, or 1- 

 celled; style turgid; ovules numerous. Capsule either dry and dehiscent, or 

 fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, thin, flat. 



