APPLE FAMILY 449 



Fruit black or nearly so when ripe; nutlets irregularly pitted on the faces; leaves glabrate 



beneath, more or less pubescent above. 

 Inflorescence glabrous; spines mostly slender. 



Leaf-blades narrow, rhombic-oblanceolate or elliptic, scarcely lobed. 



Leaf-blades crenate; fruit 78 mm. in diameter; nutlets 5. 1. C. saligna. 

 Leaf-blades irregularly serrate; fruit 8-10 mm. in diameter; nutlets usually 4. 



2. C. rivularis. 



Leaf-blades broad, rhombic, lobed and incised. 3. C. erythropoda. 



Inflorescence pubescent; spines short and stout; leaf-blades broad, ovate or obovate, 



somewhat lobed above the middle. 4. C. Douglasii. 



Fruit red or red-purple; leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the veins. 

 Teeth of the leaves not glandular; nutlets deeply pitted on the faces. 



5. C. succulenta. 

 Teeth of the leaves glandular; nutlets not pitted. 



Leaf-blades suborbicular. 6. C. chrysocarpa. 



Leaf-blades ovate, oval or obovate, more or less cuneate at the base. 



Leaf-blades mostly 5-9 cm. long, with shallow, acute lobes. 7. C, Williamsii. 

 Leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long, with deep, often acuminate lobes. 



8. C. columbiana. 



1. C. saligna Greene. A tree 3-6 m. high, with spreading branches; spines 

 5-25 mm. long; leaf -blades thick, rhombic-oblanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, those of 

 the floral branches usually obtuse, those of the shoots acute or acuminate, crenate, 

 with short gland-teeth, paler beneath; sepals triangular, glabrous; anthers 20, 

 yellow; fruit blue-black. C. Wheeleri A. Nels. River banks: Colo. Submont. 

 My-Je, fruit Au. 



2. C. rivularis Nutt. A tree 3-6 m. high, with ascending branches; spines 

 slender, 1.5-4 cm. long; leaves lanceolate, rhombic-lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5-8 

 cm. long, cuneate at the base, acuminate to obtuse at the apex, slightly double- 

 toothed, paler beneath; sepals lanceolate, long-pointed, remotely glandular- 

 toothed; anthers 20, yellow; fruit dark crimson, becoming black. C. Wheeleri 

 Rydb., not A. Nels. C. tennowana A. Nels., a form with short spines. Valleys: 

 Wyo. Colo. Nev. Ida. Submont. My-Je. 



3. C. erythropoda Ashe. A small tree, 2-5 m. high, widely branched; 

 spines rather stout, 2-3 cm. long, morocco red; leaf -blades broadly oval or rhombic, 

 3-5 cm. long, coarsely glandular-serrate, acute or acuminate; sepals with a broad 

 gland-margined acumination; stamens 1-8; anthers purple; styles 5; fruit dark 

 cherry red, becoming black or dark brown. C. cerronis A. Nels. Banks: Wyo. 

 Submont. My-Je. 



4. C. Douglasii Lindl. A tree 5-12 m. high, with ascending branches; 

 spines red, stout, 1-3 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate or obovate to broadly oval, 

 2-7 cm. long, short-acuminate, doubly-toothed and somewhat lobed above; 

 sepals acuminate, long-hairy above; anthers 10-20, light yellow; fruit black. 

 C. brevispina (Dougl.) Farwell. River banks: B.C. Mich. Wyo. Calif. 

 N.M. Submont. My-Je. 



5. C. succulenta Schrad. A small tree, 4-7.5 m. high, with ascending 

 branches; branches glabrous or hairy; spines numerous, 3-10 cm. long; leaves 

 rhombic-ovate to obovate, 3-9 cm. long, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at 

 base, doubly serrate, dark green and shining above; corymb slightly villous; 

 sepals lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-laciniate, villous; stamens 10-20; anthers 

 pink, rarely yellow or white; fruit dark red, villous, about 1 cm. thick. C. 

 macrantha (Lindl.) Lodd. C. ocddentalis Britton. C. coloradensis A. Nels. 

 C. Colorado Ashe and C. coloradoides Ramaley, the variety with hairy twigs. 

 Hillsides and canons: N.S. N.C. Colo. Sask. Plain Submont. My-Je. 



6. C. chrysocarpa Ashe. A round-topped shrub or tree, 2-7 m. high; 

 spines 2-7 cm. long, numerous; leaves orbicular or rounded-obpvate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, with 3 or 4 pairs of triangular 

 lobes and doubly serrate; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-margined; 

 stamens 5-10; fruit depressed-globose, about 1 cm. thick, red. Crataegus rotundi- 

 folia (Ehrh.) Borckh., not Lam. C. Sheridana A. Nels. C. Doddsii Ramaley, 

 a form with glandular petioles and dark fruit. Canons and banks: N.B. N.C. 

 N.M. Wyo. Sask. Plain Submont. My, fr. Au-S. 



7. C. Williamsii Eggleston. A round-topped shrub or tree, 4 m. high; 

 spines 3-6 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate or oval, 4-9 cm. long, acute or rarely 



