VIOLET FAMILY 567 



peduncles; capsules green, short-ellipsoid; seeds olive-brown, 2 m m. long. V. 

 cognata Greene. Bogs and borders of cold streams: Que. Conn. Wis N M 

 Utah Wash. B.C. Plain Mont. My-Jl. 



5. V. septentrionalis Greene. Basal stipules often 1 cm. long, bristly 

 ciliolate and more or less glandular; leaves cordate-ovate, somewhat acuminate, 

 the apex obtuse; flowers large; sepals obtuse, finely ciliate; cleistogamous flowers 

 sagittate, on ascending peduncles; their capsules subglobose, usually purple. 

 Woodlands: P.E.I. Conn. Pa. Wash. B.C. Boreal. 



6. V. pedatifida G. Don. Leaves 3-parted, the divisions variously cleft 

 and incised into linear lobes, usually truncate or cuneate at the base, the margins 

 and midrib hirsutulous; peduncles of the petaliferous flowers taller than the 

 leaves, those of the apetalous flowers shorter, but erect. V. delphinifolia Nutt. 

 Prairies and valleys: Sask. Ohio N.M. S.D. Plain Mont. Ap-Je. 



7. V. Selkirkii Pursh. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, the basal lobes con- 

 verging or overlapping, the margins crenate-serrate, the upper surface hirtellous; 

 petals pale violet, all beardless; spur 3-5 mm. long, with an enlarged rounded' 

 end; capsule subglobose; seeds small, buff. Woods: N.B. Pa. Minn. B.C. 

 Colo. Mont. 



8. V. renifolia Gray. Pubescent throughout, or often subglabrous, especi- 

 ally on the upper surface of the leaf; blades reniform, those of summer often 

 ending in a short blunt tip; petals white, all beardless; capsule ellipsoid; cleistoga- 

 mous flowers on horizontal pedicels, their capsules purple. Cold forests: Newf. 

 Pa. Minn. Colo. Mack. Mont. Ap-My. 



9. V. palustris L. Scapes and leaves glabrous throughout, arising from 

 the ends of scaly creeping rootstocks; blades cordate-ovate to orbicular, remotely 

 and lightly crenate-serrate; petals pale lilac to white, the lateral slightly bearded, 

 the spur short and thick; seeds dark brown, 1.5 mm. long. V. cyclophylla and 

 V. eucycla Greene. Cold bogs and wet borders of rivulets: Lab. N.H. HS.D. 

 Colo. Utah Alaska. Mont. Subalp. My-Au. " 



10. V. Macloskeyi Lloyd. Stolons slender, leafy, bearing at the end the 

 following spring a tuft of leaves and scapes; blades ovate-orbicular, slightly 

 cordate, rounded at the apex, obscurely and remotely crenulate, bearing at 

 maturity on the lower surface and petioles white crinkled hairs; seeds olive- 

 brown, 1 mm. long. Wet places in the mountains: Alta. B.C. Calif. Sub- 

 mont. Mont. Je-Jl. 



11. V. sempervirens Greene. Stolons often 30 cm. long, bearing cleistog- 

 amous flowers in summer; leaves usually remaining green through the dry sea- 

 son, the blades round-cordate, with open sinus, those of the stolons nearly as 

 large as those of the rootstock; petals 1 cm. long; spur very short; capsule glo- 

 bose, 7 mm. long, brown or sometimes -green. V. sarmentosa Dougl., not Bieb. 

 Woods: B.C. w Mont. Calif. Submont. 



12. V. orbiculata Geyer. Rootstock stout and jagged with stumps of 

 former leaves; blades orbicular, crenate-serrate, somewhat hirtellous above, the 

 sinus usually closed by the overlapping basal lobes; stolons 5-10 cm. long, 

 ascending, bearing petaliferous and cleistogamous flowers, and 1-3 small leaves 

 with brown scarious stipules. Alta. Ida. Wash. B.C. Submont. Mont. 



13. V. Beckwithii T. & G. Stems several, mostly underground from a 

 deep-seated rootstock; leaves 2-3-ternately parted into linear entire obtuse 

 lobes, glabrous or sometimes hirsutulous; lateral petals bearded; spur short 

 and thick. Valleys: Utah Calif. Ore. Son. Submont. Ap-Je. 



14. V. Sheltonii Torr. Stems as in the preceding; leaves hirsutulous or 

 nearly glabrous, palmately 3-divided, the middle division palmately. the lateral 

 divisions pedately, 3-parted, and often again variously cleft into obtuse linear 

 lobes; lateral petals bearded; capsule globose, 8 mm. long, brown, glabrous; 

 seeds buff, 2.5 mm. long. V. biternata Greene. Rocky hillsides : Colo. Ore. 

 Calif. Mont. Ap-Je. 



15. V. venosa (S. Wats.) Rydb. Minutely puberulent; crown of vertical 

 rootstock usually 3-12 cm., underground; stems sometimes elongating 12 cm. 



