VIOLET FAMILY 569 



25. V. bellidifolia Greene. Plants cespitose, with short obscure stems; 

 leaves glabrous, round-ovate, truncate or cuneate at base, obtuse at apex, 8-15 

 mm. wide; stipules linear-lanceolate, with 2-6 bristly teeth on either margin; 

 capsule 5 mm. long; seeds 1.5 mm. long. V. demissa Greene. Mountain sides: 

 Mont. Colo. Ida. Mont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



26. V. adunca J. E. Smith. Stems numerous, often short at first flowering; 

 leaves subcordate-ovate, obtuse, crenulate, glabrous to puberulent or scaberu- 

 lous, 2-3 cm. wide; stipules linear-subulate, with setulose teeth near the base; 

 spur 5-7 mm. long, often hooked or straight on the same plant. V. monticola 

 Rydb. V. retroscabra, V. albertina, V. cordulata, V. mamillata, V. oxypetala, 

 V. subvcstita, V. stenantha, V. Tidestromii, and V. unquiculaia Greene. V. 

 inamoena Greene, a glabrate form. (?) V. Clarkae A. Nels. Hills and valleys: 

 Que.N.H.Alta. Colo. Calif. Alaska. SubmonL Subalp. 



27. V. montanensis Rydb. Stems slender, 1-2 dm. high, scabrous; leaves 

 broadly ovate, subcordate, obtuse at the apex, 3-4 cm. wide; stipules linear- 

 lanceolate; petals light ^ violet; capsule ellipsoid, 1 cm. long; seeds 2 mm. long. 

 V. retroscabra Greene, in part. V. odontophora Rydb,. a form with toothed 

 spur. Colo. Utah Mont. Submont. Mont. Je-Jl. 



28. V. Rafinesquii Greene. A subglabrous annual, 10-25 cm. high, often 

 branching from the base; lower leaves round, upper ovate to spatulate, attenuate 

 at the base; stipules foliaceous, pectinate, the terminal segment elongate, entire; 

 petals cream-colored, about twice the length of the sepals. Fields and waste 

 places: N.Y. Ga. Tex. Colo. Mich. Plain. Ap-My. 



2. CALCEOLARIA Loefl. GREEN VIOLET. 



Perennial herbs or rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves. Flowers 

 axillary and solitary or racemose, perfect. Sepals equal, not auricled. Petals 

 unequal, the lowest largest and gibbous at the base; stamens 5; anthers conni- 

 vent but distinct; the two lower filaments glandular at the base. Capsule 3- 

 valved, opening elastically. [Hybanthus Jacq. lonidium Vent.] 



1. C. verticillata (Ortega) Kuntze. Low perennial herb; stems clustered, 

 1-4 dm. high, slightly pubescent; leaves alternate, but often fascicled; stipules 

 subulate or wanting; blades linear, 2-4 cm. long; flowers solitary, nodding; 

 petals white, 4-6 mm. long. Dry ground: Kans. Tex. Ariz. Colo.; Mex. 



Son. 



FAMILY 87. LOASACEAE. LOASA FAMILY. 



Usually scabrous-pubescent herbs, rarely shrubs, with opposite or alter- 

 nate leaves, without stipules. Flowers perfect, regular, cymose. Hypan- 

 thium well developed, turbinate to cylindric, enclosing the ovary. Sepals 

 4 or 5, imbricate or convolute. Petals as many, yellow or red. Stamens 

 numerous; filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes passing into staminodia 

 closely resembling the petals. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels, enclosed 

 in the hypanthium. Ovary 1 -celled, with parietal placentae. 



Stamens numerous; styles several, more or less distinct; seeds several or many. 

 Styles and placentae 3; flowers subsessile. 



Placentae with horizontal lamellae between the seeds; these in two rows. 



Filaments 3-cleft at the apex, the middle tooth bearing the anther, the lateral 

 ones cuspidate; seeds angled or with folds, not winged; annuals. 



1. BICUSPIDARIA. 



Filaments not cleft; seeds very flat, more or less winged; perennials or bien- 

 nials. 2. NUTTALLIA. 

 Placentae without lamellae; seeds usually prismatic. 



Placentae filiform; ovules in one row, 10-40; seeds minutely muricate, not 



striate; filaments free or nearly so. 3. ACROLASIA. 



Placentae bioad, band-like; ovules in 1-2 rows, few; seeds distinctly striate, 



often rugose; filaments at the base united with the petals into a ring. 



4. MENTZELIA. 



Styles and placentae 5 ; flowers distinctly pedicelled. 5. EUCNIDE. 



Stamens 5; styles simple; seed solitary. 6. PETALONYX. 



22* 



