DOGWOOD FAMILY 635 



Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, silky beneath or slightly villous 

 on and near the veins ; inflorescence short- villous ; stone as long as broad or longer. 



2. S. interior. 

 Young branches appressed-strigose or nearly glabrous. 3. S. instolonea. 



1. S. pubescens (Nutt.) Standl. Shrub 2-4.5 m. high; branches smooth, 

 purplish; leaves oval or ovate, usually somewhat acuminate, strigose above, 

 villous beneath, 3-12 cm. long; sepals minute; fruit white; stone compressed, 

 mostly oblique, 4 mm. high, 5 mm. broad, furrowed on the edge, the sides usually 

 with ridges. Cornus pubescens Nutt. C. occidentalis Coville. Along streams 

 and in wet places: Calif. 1 Ida. B.C. Submont. My-Jl. 



2. S. interior Rydb. A shrub, 2-5 m. high; bark of the old stems grayish; 

 leaves elliptic or oval, acute at both ends, 5-9 cm. long, finely short-strigose on 

 both sides and more or less villous on the veins and in their angles beneath; 

 sepals minute; fruit white, about 5 mm. in diameter; stone elliptic, slightly oblique, 

 longer than broad, nearly smooth. River banks: N.D. Kans. Colo. 

 Yukon. Plain Submont. Je-Jl. 



3. S. instolonea A. Nels. Shrubs, 2-5 m. high, not stoloniferous; bark 

 of the old stems gray; young twigs brownish; leaves usually oval or elliptic, 

 acute, thin, light green and less pale beneath than in the eastern S. stolonifera, 

 lanceolate to oval, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, strigose 

 on both sides, 3-12 cm. long; fruit white; stone higher than broad, 5 mm. long, 

 3-3.5 mm. broad, smooth. S. stolonifera riparia Rydb. River banks: Man. 

 Kans. N.M. Calif. Alaska. Plain Mont. My-Jl. 



3. CHAMAEPERICLIMENUM Aschers. & Graebn. BUNCHBERRY. 

 Low perennial herbs, with rootstocks. Leaves opposite, or the upper whorled* 

 entire. Flowers perfect in close head-like clusters, subtended by 4 petal-like 

 bracts. Sepals 4, tipped each with a short deciduous bristle. Petals 4, valvate. 

 Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled, sessile. Ovules solitary in each cell. Drupe globular, 

 red; stone 2-celled. [Cornelia Rydb.] 



Flowers greenish; stone smooth, higher than broad. 1. C. canadense. 



Flowers purple; stone ridged on each side, as broad as long. 2. C. unalaschkense. 



1. C. canadense (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. Stem simple, 5-20 cm. high; 

 leaves subsessile, mostly in an apparent whorl of 4-6 at the summit, oval, ovate, 

 or obovate, acute at each end, 3-7 cm. long, and a pair of smaller ones at about 

 the middle of the stem; bracts 4, white or cream-colored. Cornus canadensis L. 

 Cornelia canadensis Rydb. Woods: Lab. N.J. Minn. N.M. Calif. Alaska. 

 Submont. Mont. My-Au. 



2. C. unalaschkense (Ledeb.) R,ydb. Stem 10-15 cm. high, simple, 

 rarely branched; leaves usually subverticillate at the summit, with two smaller 

 ones below, or sometimes in pairs, oval, ovate, or obovate, acute at each end; 

 bracts 4, white, ovate, 8-18 mm. long; petals purple or at least purple-tipped; 

 fruit 4-8 mm. in diameter, red. Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb. C. canadensis 

 intermedia Farr. Woods: Alaska B.C. Boreal Mont. My-Je. 



FAMILY 96. PYROLACEAE. WINTERGREEN FAMILY. 



Perennial, mostly evergreen herbs, with elongated rootstocks. Leaves 

 basal or crowded on the short stem or at the end of the branches, thick and 

 leathery, entire or toothed. Flowers perfect, often slightly irregular, in 

 racemes or corymbs. Sepals 4-5, persistent. Petals 4-5, wax-like. Sta- 

 mens twice as many as the petals; filaments usually subulate; anthers in- 

 trorse, becoming inverted in anthesis, opening by pores or slits. Gynoecium 

 of 4 or 5 united carpels; ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled; styles united; stigma 

 5-lobed. Capsule loculicidal, valvate. Seeds minute, numerous. 



Plants leafy-stemmed; flowers corymbose; style very short and ending in the peltate 

 stigma; filaments dilated and hairy at the middle. 1. CHIMAPHILA. 



Plant scapose, with a basal rosette of leaves; flowers racemose or solitary; style evident; 

 filaments subulate, naked. 



