644 VACCINIACEAE 



Sepals 4 or 5. Corolla usually gamopetalous, 5- or 4-lobed, rarely of free 

 petals. Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the calyx or corolla. Gyn- 

 oecium of 5 or 4 united carpels. Ovary 4-10-celled, inferior, crowned by an 

 epigynous disk. Fruit a berry or drupe, pulpy. 



Petals united into a gamopetalous corolla. 



Ovary half-inferior; berry white, acute; low creeping plants. 1. CHIOGENES. 



Ovary wholly inferior; berry blue, black, or red, rounded; shrubs or undershrubs. 

 Filaments glabrous; anthers 2-awned on the back; leaves deciduous. 



2. VACCINIUM. 

 Filaments pubescent; anthers awnless. 



Ovary and berry incompletely 10-celled, by a false partition, intruding from 



the back of each cell; leaves thin, deciduous. 3. CYANOCOCCUS. 



Ovary and berry 4- or 5-celled; no false partitions; leaves leathery, persistent. 



4. VlTIS-lDAEA. 



Petals distinct; delicate prostrate vines. 5. OXYCOCCUS. 



1. CHIOGENES Salisb. CREEPING SNOWBERRY, MOXIE PLUM, 

 CAPILLAIRE. 



Evergreen shrubs, with prostrate stems. Leaves alternate, 2-ranked. Flowers 

 solitary, subtended by two bracts. Sepals 4, free. Corolla campanulate, with 

 4 rounded lobes. Stamens 8, included; filaments rough; anthers awnless; sacs 

 not prolonged into tubes at the apex. Ovary and berry 4-celled, the latter 

 white, mealy. 



1. C. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Stems slender, creeping, 1-3 dm. long, stri- 

 gose; leaves short-petioled, dark green and glabrous above, pale and with scat- 

 tered brown appressed hairs beneath, ovate, acute, 3-6 mm. long; pedicels very 

 short; corolla short-campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. long; berry hispid, 5-6 mm. in 

 diameter. Cold woods: Newf. N.C. Mich. Ida. B.C. Boreal. My-Je. 



2. VACCINIUM L. BILBERRY, WHORTLEBERRY, HUCKLEBERRY. 



Low shrubs, with alternate, thin, deciduous leaves. Flowers on drooping 

 pedicels, solitary or two to four together. Calyx-lobes 5 or 4, small. Corolla 

 more or less urceolate, 5- or 4-toothed, rose-colored or white. Filaments gla- 

 brous; anthers 2-awned on the back, included. Stamens 8-10. Ovary and 

 fruit 4-5-celled, without false partitions. Fruit sweet and edible, blue, black, 

 or red, with or without a bloom. 



Branches not angled. 



Leaves entire-margined. 



Leaves broadly obovate or oval, strongly reticulate. 1. V. uliginosum. 



Leaves oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, pale, not strongly reticulate. 



2. V. occidentals. 



Leaves serrate. 3. V. caespitosum. 



Branches angled. 



Fruit purplish, black, or blue; leaves more than 1 cm. long. 



Corolla depressed-globular; fruit purple; leaves obtuse or acute, crenulate or sub- 

 entire. 4. V. globular e. 

 Corolla rounded-ovoid. 



Leaves subentire, obtuse; fruit blue, with a bloom. 5. V. ovalifolium. 



Leaves serrate, acute or acuminate; fruit black, without a bloom. 

 Shrub tall; leaves 2-5 cm. long; fruit 8-10 mm. in diameter. 



6. V. membranaceum. 

 Shrub low, 1-3 dm. high; leaves 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit 5-8 mm. in diameter. 



7. V. oreophilum. 

 Fruit bright red; leaves usually less than 1 cm. long. 



Leaves serrate, light green on both sides. 8. V. scopqrium. 



Leaves entire, dull and pale, especially beneath. 9. V. parvifolium. 



1. V. uliginosum L. Shrub 1-6 dm. high; leaves glabrous, green above, 

 pale beneath, 1-2 cm. long; corolla pink, oyoid-urceolate, only slightly contracted 

 at the throat, 4-5-toothed; berry blue, with a bloom, globose-ellipsoid, about 6 

 mm. in diameter. Bogs: Greenl. N.Y. B.C. Alaska; Eurasia. My-Jl. 



2. V. occidentals A. Gray. Shrub 2-10 dm. high; leaves thin, 1-2 cm. 

 long, only slightly paler beneath; corolla ovoid-urceolate, about 5 mm. long; 

 berry blue, with a bloom, 4^5 mm. in diameter. Wet places in the mountains: 

 B.C. Calif. Utah Mont. Submont. Mont. Je-Au. 



