652 PRIMULACEAE 



10. CENTUNCULUS L. FALSE PIMPERNEL, CHAFFWEED. 



Small depressed caulescent annuals. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite. 

 Flowers minute, axillary, solitary. Sepals 4 or 5, united below, persistent. 

 Corolla not exceeding the calyx; tube subglobose; lobes entire, spreading. Sta- 

 mens 4 or 5, inserted in the throat; filaments dilated; anthers cordate. Ovary 

 1-celled; style filiform; stigma capitate. Ovules numerous, half-anatropous. 

 Capsule subglobose, circumscissile ; seeds numerous. 



1. C. minimus L. Slender annual, 2-15 cm. high; leaves subsessile, obo- 

 vate or oblong, 4^8 mm. long; flowers sessile or nearly so; sepals linear or linear- 

 lanceolate, acuminate; corolla pink; lobes lanceolate. Moist soil: 111. Fla. 

 L. Calif. B.C.; Eu. and S. Am. Plain Submont. Ap-S. 



11. GLAUX (Tourn.) L. BLACK SALTWORT, SEA MILKWORT. 



Small caulescent herbs, perennial. Leaves opposite, entire, sessile. Flow- 

 ers small, axillary. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; the lobes petaloid, pink or 

 white, imbricate in the bud. Corolla wanting. Stamens 5, inserted at the base 

 of the calyx, alternate with its lobes; filaments filiform-subulate; anthers cordate. 

 Capsule 5-valved at the top, few-seeded. 



1. G. maritima L. Succulent leafy perennial; stems 0.5-3 dm. high, gla- 

 brous; leaves sessile, from oval to linear-oblong, 4-12 mm. long; calyx campanu- 

 late, about 3-4 mm. long, pinkish or white; lobes oval, rounded. Saline soil: 

 Newf. N.J. Colo. Ore. Alaska; Eurasia. Plain Submont. Je-Au. 



12. DODECATHEON L. SHOOTING STAR, AMERICAN COWSLIP, 

 BIRD-BILLS. 



Scapose perennials, with short rootstocks. Leaves in basal rosettes. Flow- 

 ers umbellate on solitary scapes, nodding. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, longer than the 

 tube, reflexed in flower. Corolla hypogynous; tube very short; lobes 5 or 4, 

 imbricate in the bud, reflexed, many times as long as the tube. Stamens 5 or 

 4, exserted; filaments usually united; anthers attached by their bases. Ovary 

 1-celled, free; style filiform; stigma capitate. Ovules numerous, half-anatropous. 

 Capsule partially 5-valved, the very apex in some species separating off as a lid. 

 Seeds numerous. 



Anthers subsessile or nearly so; tube of the filaments if any less than 0.5 mm. long. 



Leaf-blades thin, ovate, sinuately dentate, truncate, subcordate or obtuse at the 



base; anthers strictly sessile. 1. D. dentatum. 



Leaf-blades thicker, linear, oblanceolate or oval, entire or minutely denticulate, 



gradually tapering at the base. 



Filaments purple; plant with a distinct, often biilbiferous rootstock. 

 Leaf-blades linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, entire. 



Plant low; corolla-lobes 10-18 mm. long. 2. D. alpinum. 



Plant tall; corolla-lobes 20-25 mm. long. 3. D. Jeffreyi. 



Leaf-blades broadly oblanceolate or elliptic; margins callous-denticulate. 



4. D. viviparum. 

 Filaments yellow; rootstock merely a short vertical crown, bearing the leaves and 



fleshy roots; bulblets none. 

 Leaves glabrous. 



Leaves distinctly petioled. 



Scape low, few-flowered; capsule circumscissile near the apex; con- 

 nective rugose. 

 Leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or obovate; capsule 10-12 mm. long. 



5. D. conjugens. 

 Leaf-blades oblanceolate or oblong, spatulate; capsule 15-20 mm. 



long. 6. D. cylindrocarpum. 



Scape tall, many-flowered; capsule opening by valves from the apex; 



connective not rugose. 7. D. multiflorum. 



Leaves subsessile. 8. D. pulchrum. 



Leaves pubescent. 9. D. pubescens. 



Anthers not subsessile; filaments united into a distinct tube, 1-3 mm. long. 

 Leaves glabrous. 



Capsule circumscissile near the apex; anthers more than twice as long as the tube 



of the filaments. 

 Filaments and throat of the corolla indigo blue; leaf-blades obovate. 



10. D. Hendersoni. 

 Filaments and throat of the corolla yellow. 



Petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish. 6. D. cylindrocarpum. 



