GENTIAN FAMILY 667 



olla white, yellow, blue, or purple, with a short tube, 4-lobed; each lobe produced 

 into a spur or sack at the base. Stamens 4, inserted on the lower part of the 

 corolla-tube; filaments filiform or dilated at the base; anthers versatile. Ovary 

 1-celled; placentae intruded; style short or wanting; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 

 ovoid or oblong. Seeds slightly flattened, smooth. [Halenia Borkh.] 



1. T. deflexus (Smith) Kuntze. An annual, usually simple, 1.5-4.5 dm. 

 high; basal leaves obovate or spatulate, petioled; stem-leaves oblong or the upper 

 ovate, acute, 3-5-ribbed, 2^4 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate; corolla 

 yellowish or greenish white, or purplish, 6-8 mm. long; lobes triangular-ovate, 

 ac te; spurs slightly spreading, rather slender. H. deflexa (Smith) Griseb. 

 Damp woods: N.S. N.Y. S.D. B.C. Boreal Submont. Jl-Au. 



FAMILY 104. MENYANTHACEAE. BUCKBEAN FAMILY. 



Perennial aquatic or bog plants with horizontal rootstocks. Leaves 

 alternate, but often all basal, simple or trifoliolate. Flowers perfect, solitary 

 or in terminal clusters or racemes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals. Cor- 

 olla from rotate to funnelform; lobes induplicate-valvate. Stamens 5; fila- 

 ments adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels; ovary 

 1-celled with two parietal placentae; stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule, indehis- 

 cent, irregularly bursting, or valvate. 



1. MENYANTHES (Tourn.) L. BUCKBEAN, MARSH TREFOIL, 

 BOG-BEAN. 



Perennial bog plant. Leaves long-petioled, trifoliolate, basal. Flowers 

 perfect, racemose or paniculate, on a long scape. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 

 short funnelform, 5-cleft, its lobes fimbrate or bearded within, white, spreading. 

 Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla; filaments filiform; anthers sagittate. 

 Capsule ovoid, indehiscent or at last ruptured. Seeds few, subglobose, shining. 



1. M. trifoliata L. Perennial, with a stout rootstock; scape 1-3 dm. high; 

 leaflets oval or elliptic, thick, glabrous, 5-10 cm. long; corolla white, tinged with 

 rose, campanulate-funnelform, about 15 mm. long; lobes copiously fimbriate 

 within. In water and bogs: Lab. Newf. Pa. Colo. Calif. Alaska. Plain 

 Mont. My-Jl. 



FAMILY 105. APOCYNACEAE. DOGBANE FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs (all ours), vines, shrubs, or trees, with milky juice. Leaves 

 opposite or alternate, without stipules, simple. Flowers perfect, regular. 

 Calyx of 5 persistent sepals, imbricate in the bud. Corolla of 5 partially 

 united petals, with convolute lobes. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla- 

 lobes; anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of two, distinct (in purs) or united 

 carpels; if united, the ovary either 2-celled, or 1-celled, with two parietal 

 placentae; styles united. Fruit in ours of two follicles. 



Anthers unappendaged at the base, not connected with the stigma; flowers without a 

 disk; leaves alternate. 1. AMSONIA. 



Anthers appendaged at the base, converging around and coherent to the stigma; calyx- 

 tube partly attached to the gynoecium by means of a thick disk; leaves opposite. 



2. APOCYNTJM. 



1. AMSONIA (Clayt.) Walt. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers in terminal corymbi- 

 form cymes. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla salverform; tube slightly enlarging up- 

 wards, villous within; lobes narrow. Disk wanting. Stamens included; anthers 

 unappendaged Carpels 2, united by the styles. Stigmas appendaged by a re- 

 flexed membrane. Follicles 2, erect, several-seeded Seeds unappendaged. 



Plant glabrous or nearly so. 



Sepals lanceolate, short-acuminate, a little more than 1 mm. long; pod not torulose. 



1. A. latifolia. 



