BORAGE FAMILY 739 



19. SYMPHYTUM (Tourn.) L. COMFREY. 



Large hairy perennials. Leaves alternate, entire, or the uppermost opposite; 

 the lower long-petioled. Flowers in terminal scorpioid racemes. Calyx deeply 

 5-cleft. Corolla blue, purple, or yellow, campanulate, with short lobes; fornices 

 in the throat lanceolate or linear, papillose-margined. Nutlets obliquely ovoid; 

 scar large, concave, bordered by a prominent denticulate ring-margin. 



1. S. offlcinale L. Stem 6-10 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate, the 

 lower petioled, the upper decurrent on the stem; calyx-lobes lance-linear; corolla 

 purplish or yellowish, 1-2 cm. long. Waste places: Newf. Md. Mont.; adv. 

 or escaped from cultivation; native of Eu. Je-Au. 



FAMILY 114. VERBENACEAE. VERVAIN FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial herbs, or in warmer climates sometimes shrubs or 

 trees. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, usually simple. 

 Flowers perfect, more or less irregular, zygomorphic, in ours spicate. Calyx 

 of 4 or 5, more or less united sepals, usually bracteolate. Corolla of 4 or 5, 

 partially united petals, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2, or 4, and then didy- 

 namous; filaments more or less adnate to the corolla; anthers erect or in- 

 cumbent. Gynoecium of 2 or 4 carpels; styles united; stigma entire or 2- 

 or 4-lobed; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit separating into 

 2 or 4 nutlets, or drupes, or berry-like. Seeds commonly solitary in each 

 cavity; endosperm scant or wanting; embryo straight. 



Corolla-limb 5-lobed; nutlets 4; flowers in terminal spikes. 1. VERBENA. 



Corolla 4-lobed; nutlets 2; flowers in short dense axillary spikes. 2. PHYLA. 



1. VERBENA (Tourn.) L. VERVAIN, VERBENA. 



Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, toothed, or dissected. 

 Flowers in terminal spikes. Calyx-tube funnelform. Corolla more or less bi- 

 labiate; tube narrow, straight or curved. Limb 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didyna- 

 mous, rarely only 2; connective of the anthers often bearing a gland. Ovary 

 4-celled; stigma 2-lobed, only one lobe stigmatose; ovules solitary in each cell. 

 Fruit of 4 nutlets, enclosed in the calyx. 



Anthers not appendaged; flowers in elongate spikes, less than 8 mm. long. 



Leaves not pinnatifid, sometimes merely lobed at the base in the first species; plant 



tall, erect, strict. 

 Bracts shorter than the calyx, or barely equalling it. 



Spike peduncled; corolla-limb 3-6 mm. broad; pubescence sparse, coarse. 



1. V. hastata. 

 Spike sessile; corolla-limb 8-9 mm. broad; pubescence dense, soft. 



2. V. stricta. 

 Bracts one-third longer than the calyx; pubescence dense, soft. 



3. V. MacDougalii. 

 Leaves more or less pinnatifid, at least incised; bracts much longer than the calyx. 



Spike dense; nutlets muriculate on the commissural faces. 4. V. bracteosa, 

 Spike lax; nutlets nearly smooth on the commissural faces. 5. V. remota. 

 Anthers of the longer stamens appendaged by a gland on the connective; corolla 8 mm. 



long or more. 

 Calyx-lobes subulate or lance-subulate. 



Leaves twice 3-parted into linear-oblong or lanceolate divisions. 



6. V. ciliata. 

 Leaves once 3-parted, with toothed or* slightly lobed divisions. 



7. V. Gooddingii. 

 Calyx-lobes setaceous. 



Bracts narrowly lanceolate, shorter than the calyx; leaf-segments obla^ceolate. 



8. V. ambrosifolia. 

 Bracts setaceous, longer than the calyx; leaf-segments linear. 



9. V. bipinnatifida. 



1. V. hastata L. Perennial; stem 4-15 dm. high, hispidulous, branched 

 above, 4-angled; leaf -blades scabrous-hispidulous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 4-12 cm. long, sharply and doubly serrate, often hastate at the base; spikes 

 erect, narrow, 5-15 cm. long; calyx 2.5 mm. long, pubescent; corolla purplish 



