MADDER FAMILY 809 



oblanceolate, obtuse, 1 -nerved, scabrous on the midrib and margins; leaves of 

 the branches generally 4 in the whorls, smaller; flowers axillary or in small ter- 

 minal cymes, white; peduncles slender, 5-20 mm. long, solitary or geminate, 

 1-3-flowered, often curved; corolla white, 3-lobed; fruit glabrous; carpels about 

 1.5 mm. in diameter. Damp woods and on grassy banks: Mont. Wash. 

 Alaska. Submont. Je-Au. 



10. G. flaviflorum Heller. Stem diffuse, 3-10 dm. long; leaves mostly 6 in 

 the whorls, elliptic or lance-oblong, retrorsely hispidulous on the midrib and 

 margins, 2-5 cm. long; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered, about equalling the 

 leaves; bracts lanceolate; corolla pale greenish yellow, 4-lobed; fruit hispid with 

 uncinate hairs; carpels 2-3 mm. in diameter. Hills: N.M. s Colo. Submont. 

 Mont. Jl-Au. 



11. G. triflorum Michx. Stem diffuse, 3-10 dm. long, glabrous or very 

 sparingly hirsute, shining; leaves mostly 6 in the whorls, narrowly oval or slightly 

 oblanceolate, 1-ribbed, narrowed at both ends, 3-7 cm. long; peduncles axillary 

 or terminal, often exceeding the leaves, mostly 3-flowered ; corolla greenish white, 

 4-lobed; fruit long-hispid with uncinate hairs; carpels 3-4 mm. in diameter. 

 Damp open woods : Newf. Ala. Colo. Calif. Alaska. Plain Mont. Je-Au. 



12. G. asperulum (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem erect or ascending, but- weak, 

 3-6 dm. long, retrorse-hispidulous on the angles; leaves thin, 2-4 cm. long, 

 linear-oblanceolate, 1-ribbed, cuspidate at the apex, hispidulous on the ribs and 

 margins; flowers in axillary and terminal, more or less compound cymes; branches 

 merely ascending-spreading in fruit, 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla purplish, its lobes 

 acute; fruit very short uncinate-hispid or granular-scabrous; carpels 1-1.5 mm. 

 in diameter. G. asperrimum asperulum A. Gray. In copses and rocky places: 

 Wash. Ida. Utah Calif. Submont. 



13. G. filipes Rydb. Stem ascending, about 5 dm. long, minutely, retrorsely 

 hispidulous; leaves broadly oblanceolate, obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, 

 thin, 2-4 cm. long, retrorsely hispidulous on the veins and margins; flowers in 

 axillary or terminal cymes, the latter more compound; pedicels divaricate, very 

 slender, in fruit often 1 cm. long; corolla purplish, 4-lobed; lobes acuminate; fruit 

 minutely hispid alous; carpels 1.5 mm. thick, fully 2 mm. long. Among bushes: 

 Utah Nev. Submont. Jl. 



14. G. coloradense W. Wight. Stem erect, perfectly glabrous, with upright 

 branches, about 3 dm. high, slightly woody at the base; leaves rather thick and 

 firm, linear, acute, 1-ribbed, 1-2.5 cm. long and 2-3 mm. wide, 4 in the whorls; 

 cymes of the sterile plant 8-15-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; 

 corolla apparently yellowish, 2 mm. wide; hypanthium of the sterile flowers 



glabrous; carpels, including the hairs, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Dry regions: sw 

 olo. se Utah. Submont. Je-Jl. 



15. G. Watsoni (A. Gray) Heller. Stem branched, with a somewhat 

 woody base, 0.5-4 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; cymes of the sterile plant 

 3-9-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; leaves 4 in the whorls, gen- 

 erally unequal in size, 8-15 mm. long, rather firm, more or less distinctly 3-ribbed, 

 acute or acuminate; corolla yellowish, about 3 mm. in diameter; hypanthium of 

 sterile flowers sparingly short-hispid; carpels, with hairs, 5-6 mm. in diameter. 

 On dry mountains: Ida. Ore. Ariz. Submont. Je-Au. 



16. G. Bloomeri A. Gray. Stem glabrous, branched, somewhat woody at 

 the base, 1-3 dm. high; leaves 4 in the whorls, firm, 5-8 mm. long, 3-ribbed, 

 acute or more commonly abruptly short-acuminate; cymes of the sterile plant 

 3-9-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-5-flowered; corolla yellowish, about 2 mm. 

 in diameter; hypanthium of the sterile flower glabrous or puberulent, or with a 

 few long hairs at the base; carpels, with hairs, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Dry moun- 

 tains: Utah Ida. Nev. Cain . Submont. Je-Au. 



17. G. multiflorum Kellogg. Stem branched, very similar to the preceding 

 in habit; leaves 4 in the whorls, acute, more or less distinctly 3-ribbed, 5-12 mm. 

 long; cymes of the sterile plant 3-7-flowered, those of the fertile plant 1-3-flow- 

 ered, with very short pedicels; corolla light yellow, about 3 mm. broad; hypan- 



