BELLFLOWER FAMILY 823 



1. CAMPANULA (Tourn.) L. BELLFLOWER, HAREBELL, BLUEBELL. 



Perennial (all ours with rootstocks) or sometimes annual herbs. Leaves 

 alternate, usually more or less toothed. Flowers perfect, all alike, in racemes 

 or panicles, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, narrow, united only at the base. Corolla 

 campanulate or funnelform, usually blue, with 5 lobes. Stamens 5; filaments di- 

 lated at the base; anther oblong. Ovary 3-5-celled; styles united; stigmas 3-5. 

 Capsule turbinate, obconic, or obpyramidal, opening by pores, usually formed 

 by the uplifting of small lids, either near the apex or near the base of the capsule. 

 Seeds smooth. 



Flowers more than 1 cm. long; plant simple or with erect or ascending branches. 

 Style not exserted. 



Capsule erect, opening by pores near the summit, just below the base of the sepals. 

 Hypanthium and pod club-shaped, constricted just below the sepals, often 



hairy; leaves entire; sepals obtuse. 1. C. uniflora. 



Hypanthium and pod turbinate, not constricted; sepals acuminate. 



Hypanthium villous ; leaves saliently dentate. 2. C. lasiocarpa. 



Hypanthium glabrous; leaves entire or minutely denticulate. 



3. C. Parryi. 

 Capsule nodding, opening by pores near the base. 



Sepals erect; leaves thick. 4. C. petiolata. 



Sepals spreading or reflexed; leaves thin. 5. C. heterodoxa. 



Style exserted. 6. C. MacDougalii. 



Flowers 5-8 mm. long; branches divaricate; stem retrorse-hlspid. 7. C. aparinoides. 



1. C. uniflora L. Stem 1 dm. high or less, glabrous; lower leaves spatulate, 

 2-3 cm. long, entire or nearly so; upper leaves linear; hypanthium in fruit 1 cm. 

 long, often pubescent; sepals lance-linear, 3 mm. long, erect, obtuse; corolla 

 narrowly campanulate, 7-10 mm. long. Arctic-alpine situations: Greenl. 

 Lab. Colo. Utah Alaska; Eurasia. Subalp. Alp. Jl-Au. 



2. C. lasiocarpa Cham. Stem 1.5 dm. high or less, 1-flowered, glabrous or 

 slightly ciliate; lower leaves petioled, 2-4 cm. long; blades spatulate, oblanceolate, 

 or obovate, sharply dentate, glabrous or sparingly ciliate; upper leaves linear 

 or lance-linear; hypanthium turbinate-obconic, in fruit over 1 cm. long, more or 

 less villous; sepals subulate, acute, 6-10 mm. long, often toothed; corolla cam- 

 panulate, 15-25 mm. long. Arctic-alpine situations: Yukon Alta. B.C. 

 Alaska; Siberia and Japan. Alp. Jl-Au. 



3. C. Parryi A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. high, glabrous; lower leaves spatulate 

 or oblanceolate, callous-denticulate or entire, 2-6 cm. long, thin, ciliate on the 

 margins, petioled; upper leaves linear or lance-linear; hypanthium turbinate- 

 obconic, in fruit 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous; sepals subulate, erect, 15-18 mm. long; 

 corolla 15-20 mm. long, funnelform, cleft to near the middle; lobes ovate, acute. 

 Mountains: Wyo. N.M. Ariz. Utah. Mont. Subalp. Jl-S. 



4. C. petiolata A. DC. Stem 1-4 dm. high, glabrous or retrorsely short- 

 hirsute; basal leaves long-petioled; blades ovate or ovate-cordate, 1-3 cm. long, 

 usually longer than broad, rather thick, sinuate-dentate, with rounded or acute, 

 but not sharp teeth; stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate or the upper almost 

 filiform; hypanthium glabrous, turbinate; sepals subulate, 6-7 mm. long, ascend- 

 ing; corolla campanulate, 15-20 mm. long; lobes broadly ovate, acutish. C. 

 rotundifolia Western authors. Hills and mountains: Mack. S.D. N.M. 

 Ariz. w Calif. B.C. Plain Subalp. Je-S. 



5. C. heterodoxa Vest. Stem 1-4 dm. high, decumbent at the base, gla- 

 brous; basal leaves long-petioled; blades small, rounded-cordate, 1-1.5 cm. long 

 and about as broad, thin, sinuate-dentate; lower stem-leaves petioled and usually 

 lanceolate, often broadly so, often denticulate, the upper narrowly linear; hypan- 

 thium campanulate, in fruit 8 mm. long; sepals subulate, 8-10 mm. long; corolla 

 15-25 mm. long, campanulate; lobes broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long. Cliffs: Alaska 

 B.C. Mont. Je-Au. 



6. C. MacDougalii Rydb. Stem slender, glabrous, about 3 dm. high; leaves 

 very thin, the basal ones and lower stem-leaves with slender petioles 2-4 cm. 

 long; blades broadly ovate, 2-3 cm. long, coarsely sinuate-dentate; upper stem- 

 leaves lanceolate to linear, entire, the largest 5-6 cm. long; sepals linear-subulate, 



