THISTLE FAMILY 849 



leaves similar, but sometimes entire; heads small, rayless; involucres nearly 1 

 cm. high and broad; pappus-bristles barbellate. Hills: w Colo. N.M. Utah. 

 Son. Au-S. 



16. G. aphanactis Rydb. Apparently perennial; stem 3-4 dm. high, gla- 

 brous and striate; leaves very viscid, oblanceolate, acute, 4-7 cm. long, sharply 

 dentate and sessile, or the lower more or less pinnatifid and petioled; heads 

 about 15 mm. broad; bracts very viscid, subulate; awns of the pappus apparently 

 smooth. Sandy soil: sw Colo. se Utah N.M. Son. Jl. 



17. G. columbiana (Piper) Rydb. Perennial, cespitose at the base; stems 

 about 3 dm. high, glabrous; leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, 3-6 cm. long; 

 heads numerous, rayless; involucres 8-10 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; pappus- 

 bristles curved and twisted. G. discoidea Nutt., not H. & A. Sandy places: 

 Wash. Ida. Ore. Son. Au. 



10 VANCLEVEA Greene. 



Low tufted desert shrubs, with white shreddy bark and entire leaves. Heads 

 discoid. Involucre turbinate; bracts squarrose, acuminate, very gummy. Disk- 

 flowers hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas yellow, club-shaped, with 5 erect 

 teeth. Style elongate; branches long, sub-terete, papillose-puberulent. Achenes 

 prismatic, villous-hirsute. Pappus of about 12 narrowly linear acute squamellae, 

 ciliate on the margins, persistent. 



1. V. stylosa (Eastw.) Greene. Stems 6-10 dm. high, bushy; leaves 3- 

 nerved, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, vertical by a 

 twist at the base; heads corymbose, 15 mm. high, 10 mm. wide; pappus-scales 

 3 mm. long, one-third mm. broad. Grindelia stylosa Eastw. Sandy wastes: 

 Utah. Son. Jl. 



11. ACAMPTOPAPPUS A. Gray. 



Low shrubs, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, neither glandular nor resin- 

 ous. Leaves small, linear, entire, without lateral veins. Heads terminal at the 

 ends of the branches, discoid or radiate; involucres globose; bracts closely imbri- 

 cate in 3 series, rounded-oval to oblong, scarious-margined, erose-fimbriate. Disk- 

 corollas yellow, funnelform; style-branches with thickish subulate appendages. 

 Aohenes round-turbinate, densely long-villous. Pappus equalling the corollas, 

 of 15-18 flattened, rigid awns, slightly dilated at the end, and as many shorter 

 setiform awns or bristles. 



1. A. sphaerocephalus (Harv. & Gray) A. Gray. Shrub 3-10 dm. high, 

 with white striate bark; leaves oblanceolate, sessile, about 1 cm. long, minutely 

 puberulent; heads discoid, depressed-globose, 8-10 mm. high; bracts straw- 

 colored, with pale green spots, with scarious erose margins. Desert regions: 

 Ariz. s Utah Calif. L. Son. My-Je. 



12. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER. 



Biennial or perennial (ours perennial with a cespitose caudex), caulescent 

 herbs, usually conspicuously pubescent. Leaves alternate. Heads showy, 

 golden yellow, radiate, or rarely discoid, mostly corymbose, many-flowered; 

 bracts narrow, in several series, more qr less imbricate; receptacle pitted. Ray- 

 flowers many, pistillate. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and fertile. Stigmas with 

 linear or subulate appendages. Achenes flattened. Pappus double, the outer 

 series of small scales or bristles, the inner of numerous scabrous bristles. 



Heads radiate. 



Involucres strigose. 



Heads sessile or subsessile, subtended by foliage-leaves. 



Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, hirsute. 1. C. angusti folia. 



Leaves oblanceolate, obovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, strigose at least when 



young, except in C. imbricata. 



Plant about 1 dm. high or less; heads usually solitary. 

 Involucres 58 mm. broad; leaves less than 1 cm. long. 



2. C. caespitosa. 



Involucres 1(>-12 mm. broad; leaves 2-3 cm. long. 3. C. alpicola. 

 Plant 26 dm. high; heads corymbose. 

 31 



