CARDUACEAE 



V. MODESTI. 

 Stem not hispid; heads distinctly peduncled; leaves slightly if at all auricled at the base, 



Stem especially upwards, with scattered long silky hairs; leaves not auricled, usually 



somewhat hairy. 6. A. major. 



Stem glandular-puberulent or glabrous below, not long-hairy. 



Leaves and lower part of the stem glabrous, the former not auricled. 



7. A. modestus. 

 Leaves short-pubescent, somewhat scabrous above; stem usually puberulent 



throughout- leaves with small auricles. 8. A. Sayianus. 



Stem short-hispid; heads crowded, often subsessile, subtended by bract-like leaves; 

 leaves thick, strongly auricled at the base. 9. A. Novae-Angliae. 



VI. CAMPESTRES. 

 One species. 10. A. campestris. 



VII. OBLONGIFOLII. 



Leaves scabrous-hirsutulous, mostly spreading or reflexed. 11. A. Kumleini. 



Leaves glabrous, except the bristly-ciliate margins, ascending. 12. A. Fendleri. 



VIII. ALPINI. 



One species. 13. A. alpinus. 



IX. MOLLES. 



One species. 14. A. Jessicae. 



X. RADULINI. 



Upper part of the stem and the involucres long-villous. 15. A. Richardsonii. 



Upper part of the stem and involucres short-pubescent. 16. A. meritus. 



XL ANDINI. 

 Stems decumbent or ascending, about 1 dm. high; leaves glabrate. 



17. A. andlnus. 

 Stems erect, about 3 dm. high; leaves finely villous. 18. A, Williamsii. 



XII. GRISEI. 

 Leaves rather copiously and permanently appressed-hirsutulous. 



Inflorescence falsely racemose; lower leaves triple-nerved. 40. A. subracemosus. 

 Inflorescence corymbiform or paniculate; leaves all 1-nerved. 



Plant 3-4 dm. high; stem retrorse-hirsute below. 19. A. subgriseus. 



Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; hairs of the stem not retrorse. 20. A. griseolus. 



Leaves sparingly strigose and glabrate in age, or perfectly glabrous, except the hispidu- 



lous-ciliate margins. 

 Bracts with a green tip and midvetn. 



Stem stout; leaves oblanceolate, the lower often triple-nerved. 



61. A. Underwoodii. 

 Stem slender; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear, 1-nerved. 



64. A. Nelsonii. 

 Outer bracts green almost throughout. 21. A. violaceus. 



XIII. MULTIFLORI. 

 Inflorescence very leafy, not corymbiform. 



Pubescence of the stem spreading or reflexed, hirsutulous. 



Heads less than 5 mm, high. 22. A. exiguus. 



Heads 6-8 mm. high. 23. A. crassulus. 



Pubescence of the stem appressed or ascending. 



Bracts very unlike in length, well imbricate, the outer much shorter; heads race- 



mosely arranged, each at the end of a short leafy branch (except in no. 25). 



Bracts narrowly oblanceolate, the inner especially acutish; heads less than 5 



mm. high. 



Stem much branched; heads racemosely disposed on the more or less diverg- 

 ing branches. 24. A. multiflorus. 

 Stem simple below; heads few at the ends of the erect branches. 



25. A. stricHcaulis. 

 Bracts broadly oblanceolate or the outer spatulate, very obtuse; heads over 



5 mm. high. 26. A. polycephalus. 



Bracts almost equal hi length or the outer sometimes longer; heads few or solitary 



at the ends of the main branches. 

 Bracts thick, very squarrose, the outer spatulate, rounded at the apex; leaves 



thick, densely strigose. 27. A. commutatus. 



Bracts thin, slightly squarrose, oblanceolate, acute; leaves sparingly strigose, 



in age often glabrate. 28. A. falcatus. 



Inflorescence less leafy, corymbiform; leaves glabrous, merely hispid-ciliolate ; disk 6-8 



mm. wide; stem slender. 



Stem glabrous. 29. A. denudatus. 



Stem puberulent. 67. A. Hallii. 



XIV. SAGITTIFOLII. 



Basal leaf-blades cordate or broadly ovate; upper stem-leaves lanceolate; achenes gla- 

 brous. 



Petioles, midribs, and usually also the stem pubescent with long white hairs. 



30. A. Wilsonii. 



