THISTLE FAMILY 927 



Heads radiate; disk in fruit spherical or oblong. 



Leaves entire or merely toothed; plant hispid. 1. R. hirta. 



Leaves except the uppermost 3-5-cleft or pinnatifid; plant glabrous or nearly so. 



2. R. ampla, 

 Heads discoid; disk in fruit cylindraceous. 



Leaves pinnately parted. 3. R. montana. 



Leaves undivided, toothed or entire. 4. R. occidentalis. 



1. R. hirta L. Perennial; stem erect, usually straw-colored, 3-5 dm. high, 

 usually purple-dotted, hirsute; lower leaves long-petioled; blades oblong-lanceo- 

 late or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, entire or remotely denticulate, obtuse, 3- 

 ribbed, hirsute; upper stem-leaves linear and subsessile; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; 

 involucres 15-18 mm. high, 3-3.5 cm. broad; bracts oblong-linear, hispid; ligules 

 yellow, 1.5-3 cm. long. R. flava T. V. Moore. Hillsides and plains: Que. Fla. 

 Neb. Colo. B.C. Plain Mont. Jl-Au. 



2. R. ampla A. Nels. Perennial, with a rootstock and thick crown; stem 

 1-2 m. high, glabrous, striate, branched above; basal leaves large, long-petioled, 

 pinnately 3-7-divided; divisions ovate or lanceolate, 2-3-cleft, and coarsely 

 serrate, glabrous and slightly paler beneath, somewhat hairy above; upper stem- 

 leaves 3-parted or entire, toothed, acuminate; involucre about 1 cm. high and 

 3 cm. wide; bracts very unequal, oblong or ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, reflexed 

 in age, 8-12 mm. long; ligules 3-5 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide; disk ovoid in fruit; 

 pappus coroniform, sometimes 4-toothed. Closely allied to the eastern R. lacin- 

 iataL. Wet places : Sask. N.M. Ariz. Ida. Plain Mont. Jl-Au. 



3. R. montana A. Gray. Perennial; stem 1-2 m. high, glabrous; lower 

 leaves 2-3 dm. long, petioled, pinnately parted into 3-9 oblong-lanceolate divi- 

 sions, glabrous, ciliolate on the margins; upper stem-leaves ovate or lanceolate, 

 acuminate, entire; peduncles 3 dm. long or more; involucral bracts linear, foli- 

 aceous, acute, 2-4 cm. long; disk cylindric, at length 5-6 cm. long, purplish 

 black; pappus coroniform. Mountains: Colo. Mont. Jl. 



4. R. occidentalis Nutt. Perennial; stem 5-20 dm. high, glabrous, striate; 

 leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or dentate, the upper sessile 

 with a cordate base, the lower with winged petioles, more or less hairy; peduncles 

 1-3 dm. long; bracts oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long; disk brownish black, 

 oblong, becoming 3-5 cm. long; pappus coroniform. Shaded banks: Mont. 

 Wyo. Utah e Calif. Wash. NIGGER-HEADS. Submont. Mont. Jl-S. 



69. RATIBIDA Raf. CONE-FLOWER. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid 

 with narrow divisions. Heads radiate, long-peduncled. Involucres many- 

 flowered, rather flat. Ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, or partly brown at 

 the base, rarely wholly brown-purple, spreading or drooping. Disk-flowers 

 hermaphrodite, perfect, usually enveloped by the paleae; corollas gray or yellow- 

 ish, almost without a tube. Style-branches with blunt or lanceolate tips. Achenes 

 flattened, broad-margined or winged, deciduous with the scale. Pappus 1 or 2 

 teeth, or wanting. [Lepachys Raf.] 



Disk in fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long; pappus of 1-2 awn-like teeth, without intermediate 



squamellae. 1. R. Tagetes. 



Disk in fruit cylindraceous, 2-4 cm. long; pappus with a series of squamellae. 



2. R. columnifera. 



1. R. Tagetes (James) Barnh. Perennial, with taproot; stems several, 

 branched, 2-4 dm. high, grayish-strigose; leaves pinnately divided, with 3-7 

 linear divisions, hispidulous; heads rather short-peduncled; bracts reflexed, ob- 

 long, 3-5 mm. long; ligules 7-10 mm. long; receptacle about 1 cm. high in fruit. 

 L. Tagetes A. Gray. Plains: Tex. Kans. Colo. Ariz. Plain Submont. Jl- 

 Au. 



2. R. columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. Perennial, with a taproot; 

 stems often several, 3-6 dm. high, hispidulous-strigose, angled; leaves pinnately 

 divided, hispidulous; divisions of the stem-leaves 5-9, oblong to linear, entire 

 or rarely 2-3-cleft; heads long-peduncled; involucral bracts oblong, 5-8 mm. 

 long, soon spreading; ligules yellow or in the variety pulcherrima partly or wholly 



