932 CARDUACEAE 



divaricate, lanceolate or elongate-deltoid, 5-15 cm. long, gradually attenuate 

 above, rounded at the base, 3-ribbed, scabrous on both sides; involucres about 1 

 cm. "high and 2 cm. broad; bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute-ciliate 

 on the margins, hirsutulous on the back; ligules 8-12, about 2 cm. long. Dry 

 ground: Que. Fla. La. Sask. Plain. Jl-S. 



9. H. Maximilian! Schrad. Perennial, with a thick rootstock; stem 5-30 

 dm. high, scabrous-hispidulous; leaves mostly alternate and subsessile, lanceolate 

 to linear, entire or denticulate, 5-15 cm. long, 1-ribbed, very scabrous on both 

 sides; heads many in a narrow panicle; involucres about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. 

 wide; bracts lanceolate-subulate, long-attenuate, strigose-canescent or somewhat 

 hispidulous; ligules golden yellow, 15-30 mm. long. Prairies, plains, and river 

 banks: Man. Mo. Tex. Wyo. B.C. Plain Submont. 



10. H. giganteus L. Perennial, with a rootstock, some of the roots often 

 becoming fusiform; stem 1-3 m. high, more or less hirsute; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, scabrous above, hirsutulous beneath, short- 

 petipled or subsessile, serrulate or denticulate, rarely entire; heads in an open 

 panicle; involucres 12-15 mm. high and about 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-lanceo- 

 late, attenuate, hirsute-ciliate; ligules pale yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long. Low ground: 

 Me. Fla. La. Colo. B.C. Plain. Au-S. 



11. H. subtuberosus Bourgeau. Perennial, with tubers; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petioled, opposite; blades narrowly 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely serrate, scabrous-hispidulous above, hir- 

 sutulous beneath, 5-8 cm. long; involucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate or subulate, attenuate, hirsute, the outer spreading; 

 ligules about 3 cm. long; disk yellow. Valleys and plains: Sask. Minn. Wyo. 

 Mont. Plain. Jl-Au. 



12. H. Cusickii A. Gray. Perennial, with thick fleshy root; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, usually several; leaves subsessile, linear-lanceolate, hirsutulous, triple- 

 veined; heads solitary; involucres 12-15 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, at- 

 tenuate, rather loose, hirsute; ligules about 2.5 cm. long. Dry sandy soil: Ore. 

 Wash. Ida. B.C. Son. My-Jl. 



13. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Perennial; stem 1-3 m. high, glabrous 

 and often purplish; leaves alternate, or some opposite, short-petioled; blades 

 elongate-lanceolate, 1-2.5 dm. long, gradually acuminate, sharply serrate, 

 slightly scabrous above, paler and short-pubescent beneath; heads in an open 

 panicle; involucre about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; bracts linear-subulate, 

 attenuate; ligules golden yellowj 2-3 cm. long. Plains and prairies: N.Y. Pa. 

 Tex. N.M. Utah Sask. Plain. Au-S. 



14. H. fascicularis Greene. Perennial, with a rootstock and fusiform thick- 

 ened roots; stem glabrous and somewhat glaucous, 5^-10 dm. high; leaves alter- 

 nate or the lower opposite, 7-15 cm. long, short-petioled; blades lanceolate or 

 linear-lanceolate, scabrous on both sides; heads in an open panicle; involucres 

 about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-subulate, attenuate; ligules 

 14-18, deep yellow, 2.5-3 cm. long; disk yellowish brown. H. giganteus utahen- 

 sis D. C. Eat. H. utahensis A. Nels. (?) H. coloradensis Cockerell. Closely 

 related to H. subtuberosus and Nuttallii. Mountain valleys: Sask. N.M. 

 Ariz. Alta. Plain Submont. Au-S. 



15. H. Nuttallii T. & G. Perennial; stem glabrous, strict, 3-8 dm. high; 

 leaves alternate or opposite, linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 

 entire or denticulate, scabrous-hispidulous on both sides; branches of the panicle 

 erect; involucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5 cm. wide; bracts narrowly linear-subu- 

 late, attenuate, grayish hirsutulous, sparingly, if at all, ciliate at the base; ligules 

 2-2.5 cm. long. Dry plains: Alta. Wyo. Utah Ida. Plain. Jl-S. 



74. ENCELIA Adans. 



Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants, ours shrubs witn white branches. 

 Leaves alternate or opposite, mostly ovate. Heads radiate or rarely discoid, 

 peduncled. Involucres hemispheric or flattened. Receptacle convex, chaffy. 



