1036 CICHORIACEAE 



Heads 12-20-flowered; achenes 1-3-nerved, transversely rugose. 

 Involucres about 1 cm. high. 



Leaves linear-lanceolate, perfectly entire. 3. L. polyphylla. 



Leaves pinnatifld or lobed, at least some of them. 4. L. canadensis. 



Leaves obovate or oblanceolate in outline, with broad lobes, often spinulose 



on the midribs beneath. 5. L. ludoviciana. 



Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate in outline, entire or with narrow lobes, 



never spinulose. 6. L. gramini folia. 



Bracts in 5-6 series, gradually increasing upwards, a distinct calyculum therefore not 



evident; flowers blue. 7. L. pulchella. 



Achenes beakless; pappus tawny or brown. 



Lobes of the leaves broadly triangular or ovate, smuately and sahently dentate. 



8. L. spicata. 

 Lobes of the leaves lanceolate or linear, again 1-3-lobed. 9. L. multifida. 



1. L. virosa L. Biennial, with a branched root; stem erect, 5-20 dm. high, 

 more or less hispid towards the base; leaves numerous, oblong or oblanceolate, 

 obtuse or mticronate, horizontal, 1-3 drn. long, spinulose-denticulate, sessile and 

 clasping; panicle loosely branched; involucres 10-12 mm. high, 4-6 mm. broad; 

 bracts in about 4 series, lanceolate, thick; flowers light yellow, turning bluish; 

 achenes with broader margins than those of the next. L. integrata A. Nels. 

 Waste places and fields: Me. Ga. Calif. B.C. ; nat. or adv. from Eu. Plain 

 Submont. Je-S. 



2. L. Scariola L. Biennial, with a branched root; stem 3-10 dm. high, 

 sparingly prickly-bristly below; leaves pinnatifid or lobed, rarely merely sinuate, 

 tending to turn edgewise into a vertical position; involucres ovoid-cylindric, 

 about 10 mm. high, 4 mm. broad; bracts imbricate in about 4 series, lanceolate 

 or the inner linear-lanceolate; flowers yellow, turning bluish; achenes elliptic- 

 oblanceolate, slightly margined, 5-nerved on each side. Fields and waste places : 

 Mass. Tenn. Calif. B.C.; nat. from Eu. Jl-Au. 



3. L. polyphylla Rydb. Biennial; stem about 1 m. high, glabrous; leaves 

 sessile, slightly auric ulate-clasping, very numerous, linear-lanceolate, entire, 

 acuminate, 1-2 dm. long, glabrous; involucre about 1 cm. high; outer bracts 

 lanceolate, the inner linear-lanceolate; achenes nearly black, 3-4 mm. long, in- 

 distinctly 3-nerved, transversely rugose. Meadows: Ida. Submont. Au. 



4. L. canadensis L. Biennial; stem 1-3 m. high, often mottled, glabrous 

 or nearly so; basal leaves mostly spatulate or oblong, dentate or pinnatifid; stem- 

 leaves 1-3 dm. long, sinuately pinnatifid; involucres 10-12 mm. high; outer bracts 

 lanceolate, inner linear; flowers yellow; achenes oval-oblong, almost black, 

 transversely rugose, 3-nerved. Moist places: N.S. Fla. Colo. Sask. Alta. 

 Plain Submont . 



5. L. ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Biennial; stem 5-15 dm. high, glabrous; 

 leaves oblong-oblanceolate in outline, sinuately lobed or pinnatifid, with rounded, 

 ovate or lanceolate, spinulose-denticulate lobes; involucres 15-20 mm. high; 

 outer bracts ovate, the inner linear-lanceolate, scarious-margined ; flowers yellow ; 

 achenes brown or black, 4 mm. long, broadly oval or obovate, 3-ribbed, obscurely 

 transversely rugose. River-banks and wet places: Minn. Mo. Tex. Colo. 

 Mont. Plain Submont. Jl-S. 



i?' k- graminifolia Michx. Biennial or perhaps perennial; stem 5-15 dm. 

 high, glabrous; leaves glaucescent, elongated linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1-4 

 dm. long, entire or sinuately lobed or pinnatifid with narrow, spreading or de- 

 flexed lobes; involucres 12-15 mm. high; outer bracts lanceolate, the inner linear- 

 lanceolate, scarious-margined; flowers yellowish, white or purplish; achenes 

 elliptic, 4-5 mm. long, 3-nerved, black. Rich soil: N.C. Fla. Ariz. Colo. 

 son. Submont. Ap-S. 



7. L. pulchella (Pursh) DC. Perennial, with a deep rootstock; stem 3-10 



dm. high, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or oblong, acute, entire, 



ientate or even some of them pinnatifid, 5-20 cm. long, somewhat glaucous; 



imcle usually narrow; involucres 16-20 mm. high; flowers blue; achenes oblong- 



ceolate, about 4 mm. long, rather strongly 3-nerved on the faces, gradually 



? r AT g lI A^ e short beak - L - sylvatica A. Nels. Wet meadows: Sask. M6. 



-N.M. Calif. B.C. Plain Submont. Mv-Au. 



